9. The process of slicing digital messages into parcels, sending them along different communication pathsas they become available, and reassembling them at the destination point is called:a.routing.b.the Transmission Control protocol.c.packetswitching.d.the File Transfer Protocol.
10. Specialized computers that interconnect the thousands of computers that make up the Internet in orderto transmit message parcels along available communication paths and on to their destinations are called:
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11. A set of rules for formatting, ordering, compressing, and error-checking messages is called a/an:
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12. The Internet Layer of TCP/IP is responsible for:
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13. Internet addresses [IP addresses] are currently expressed as a:a.32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by semicolons.b.128-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by periods.c.64-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by periods.d.32-bitnumber that appearsasaseriesoffourseparatenumbers separatedby periods.
14. The addresses used by browsers to identify the location of content on the Web are called:
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15. Which of the following statement about client/server computing is true?
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16. Which of the following isnotan advantage of client/server computing over centralized mainframecomputing?
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2 Answers
Anonymous answered
This process is known as "Packet switching" and the above mentioned is the standard definition for packet switching. For complete details click on the link:
Packet Switching
Anonymous answered
The Transport Layer of TCP/IP is responsible for
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Table of Contents
- Telephone networks and computer networks converging into single digital network using Internet Standards
- consists of two or more connected computers
- performs important network functions for client computers
- routes and manages communications on the network and coordinates network resources
- connect network components, sending a packet of data to all other connected devices
- more intelligence than a hub and can filter and forward data to a specified destination on the network
- a communications processor used to route packets of through different networks, ensuring that the data sent gets to the correct address.
- a distributed computing model in which some of the processing power is located within small, inexpensive client computers, and resides on desktops, laptops, or handheld devices.
- a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at destination
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol [TCP/IP]
- connectivity between computers enabled by protocols
- set of rules and procedures governing transmission of information between two points in a network
- Transmission Control [TCP]
- establishes a connection between the computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and acknowledges the packets sent.
- responsible for the delivery of packets and includes the disassembling and reassembling of packets during transmission
- Application LayerTransport LayerInternet LayerNetwork Layer
- enables client application programs to access the other layers and defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data.
- responsible for providing the Application layer with communication and packet services
- responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets called IP datagrams
- responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium, which could be any network technology
- represented by a continuous waveform that passes through a communications medium and has been used for voice communications
- discrete, binary waveform, rather than a continuous waveform, uses one bit and zero bits
- translates digital signals into analog form so that computers can transmit data over analog networks such as telephone and cable networks
- Local-area networks [LANs]
- to connect personal computer and other digital devices within a half-mile or 500-meter radius
- treats all processors equally and is used primarily in small networks with 10 or fewer users
- the way components are connected together
- Star topologyBus TopologyRing Topology
- 3 components of topologies
- all devices on the network connect to a single hub
- one station transmits signals, which travel in both directions along a single transmission segment. All of the signals are broadcast in both directions to the entire network
- connects network components in a closed loop
- Wide-area networks [WANs]
- span broad geographical distances.
- Metropolitan-area networks [MANs]
- a network that spans a metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs
- consists of strands of copper wire twisted in pairs and is an older type of transmission medium
- consists of thickly insulated copper wire that can transmit a larger volume of data than twister wire, similar to that used for cable television
- Fiber optics and Optical Networks
- consists of bound strands of clear glass fiber, each the thickness of a human hair
- Wireless Transmission Media Devices
- based on radio signals of various frequencies
- MicrowaveSatellitesCellular SystemsWireless
- What are some Wireless Transmission Media Devices
- transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere and are widely used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point communications
- use microwave transmission and are typically used for transmission in large, geographically dispersed organizations that would be difficult to network using cable media, as well as for home Internet services
- use radio waves and a variety of different protocols to communicate with radio antennas placed within adjacent geographic areas
- supplanting traditional wired networks for many applications and creating new applications, services, and business models
- one hertz equal to one-cycle of the medium
- the range of frequencies that can be accommodated on a particular telecommunications channel
- Internet Service providers
- a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the internet that sells temporary connections to real subscribers
- Digital Subscriber line [DSL]
- operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video at transmission rates ranging from 385 Kbps
- Cable internet Connections
- use digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed internet access to homes and businesses
- leased, dedicated lines, suitable for businesses or government agencies requiring high-seed guaranteed service levels. Offer guaranteed delivery at 1.54 Mbps
- Internet Protocol [IP] address
- a 32-bit number represented by four strings of numbers ranging from 0-255 separated by periods
- converts domain names to IP addresses
- the English-like name that corresponds to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet
- top-level domains, second-level domains, third-level domains
- two and three character names you are familiar with from surfing the Web. .com, .edu, .gov
- helps define the overall structure of the Internet
- sets Hypertext Markup Language and other programming standards for the Web
- IPv6 [Internet Protocol version g]
- contains 128-bit addresses, or more than a quadrillion possible unique addresses
- an advanced networking consortium representing over 330 U.S. universities, private businesses, and government agencies working with 60,000 institutions across the U.S. and international networking partners
- person-to-person messaging document sharing
- Chatting and Instant Messaging
- Interactive conversations
- discussion groups on electronic bulletin boards
- logging in to one computer system and doing work on another
- File Transfer Protocol [FTP]
- transferring files from computer to computer
- retrieving, formatting, and displaying information using hypertext links
- delivers voice information in digital form using packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-distance telephone networks
- integrates disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, e-mail, and electronic conferencing into a single experience where users can seamlessly switch back and forth between different communication modes
- Virtual Private Networks [VPN]
- a secure, encrypted, private network that has been configured within a public network to take advantage of economies of scale and management facilities of large networks
- formats documents and incorporates dynamic links to other documents and pictures stored in the same or remote computers
- HTTP [Hypertext Transfer Protocol]
- the communication standard used to transfer pages on the Web
- Uniform resource Locators [URLs]
- tells the browser software exactly where to look for the information
- software for locating and managing stored Web pages. It locates the Web pages requested by a user on the computer where they are stored and delivers the Web pages to the user’s computer
- attempt to solve the problem of finding useful information on the Web nearly instantly
- major source of internet advertising revenue. Sponsored and unsponsored results
- Search Engine Optimization [SEO]
- the process of improving the quality and volume and Web traffic to a Web site by employing a series of techniques that help a Web site achieve a higher ranking with the major search engine
- effort to provide fewer, more relevant, and trustworthy search results based on a person’s network of social contacts
- use intelligent agent software for searching internet for shopping information
- second-generation services enabling people to collaborate, share information , and create new services online
- chronological, informal Web sites created by individuals
- RSS [Really Simple Syndication]
- syndicates Web content so aggregator software can pull content for use in another setting or viewing later
- collaborative Web sites where visitors can add, delete, or modify content on the site
- enable users to build communities of friends and share information
- A collaborative effort led by W3C to add layer of meaning to the existing Web
- Third-generation [3g] Networks
- higher transmission speeds suitable for broadband Internet access
- Fourth-generation [4g] Networks
- Entirely packet-switched, up to 100 Mbps
- Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using low-power, radio-based communications
- Used for wireless LAN and wireless internet access
- device with radio receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN
- one or more access points in public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area
- Radio Frequency identification [RFID]
- provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain.
- tags have batteries, data can be rewritten, range is hundreds of feet, more expensive
- range is shorter, also smaller, less expensive, powered by radio frequency energy
- Wireless access range of 31 Miles
- Wireless sensor networks [WSNs]
- networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected wireless devices embedded into physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces
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Page 2
Telephone networks and computer networks converging into single digital network using Internet Standards
consists of two or more connected computers
performs important network functions for client computers
routes and manages communications on the network and coordinates network resources
connect network components, sending a packet of data to all other connected devices
more intelligence than a hub and can filter and forward data to a specified destination on the network
a communications processor used to route packets of through different networks, ensuring that the data sent gets to the correct address.
a distributed computing model in which some of the processing power is located within small, inexpensive client computers, and resides on desktops, laptops, or handheld devices.
a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at destination
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol [TCP/IP]
connectivity between computers enabled by protocols
set of rules and procedures governing transmission of information between two points in a network
Transmission Control [TCP]
establishes a connection between the computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and acknowledges the packets sent.
responsible for the delivery of packets and includes the disassembling and reassembling of packets during transmission
Application LayerTransport LayerInternet LayerNetwork Layer
enables client application programs to access the other layers and defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data.
responsible for providing the Application layer with communication and packet services
responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets called IP datagrams
responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium, which could be any network technology
represented by a continuous waveform that passes through a communications medium and has been used for voice communications
discrete, binary waveform, rather than a continuous waveform, uses one bit and zero bits
translates digital signals into analog form so that computers can transmit data over analog networks such as telephone and cable networks
Local-area networks [LANs]
to connect personal computer and other digital devices within a half-mile or 500-meter radius
treats all processors equally and is used primarily in small networks with 10 or fewer users
the way components are connected together
Star topologyBus TopologyRing Topology
3 components of topologies
all devices on the network connect to a single hub
one station transmits signals, which travel in both directions along a single transmission segment. All of the signals are broadcast in both directions to the entire network
connects network components in a closed loop
Wide-area networks [WANs]
span broad geographical distances.
Metropolitan-area networks [MANs]
a network that spans a metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs
consists of strands of copper wire twisted in pairs and is an older type of transmission medium
consists of thickly insulated copper wire that can transmit a larger volume of data than twister wire, similar to that used for cable television
Fiber optics and Optical Networks
consists of bound strands of clear glass fiber, each the thickness of a human hair
based on radio signals of various frequencies
MicrowaveSatellitesCellular SystemsWireless
What are some Wireless Transmission Media Devices
transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere and are widely used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point communications
use microwave transmission and are typically used for transmission in large, geographically dispersed organizations that would be difficult to network using cable media, as well as for home Internet services
use radio waves and a variety of different protocols to communicate with radio antennas placed within adjacent geographic areas
supplanting traditional wired networks for many applications and creating new applications, services, and business models
one hertz equal to one-cycle of the medium
the range of frequencies that can be accommodated on a particular telecommunications channel
Internet Service providers
a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the internet that sells temporary connections to real subscribers
Digital Subscriber line [DSL]
operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video at transmission rates ranging from 385 Kbps
Cable internet Connections
use digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed internet access to homes and businesses
leased, dedicated lines, suitable for businesses or government agencies requiring high-seed guaranteed service levels. Offer guaranteed delivery at 1.54 Mbps
Internet Protocol [IP] address
a 32-bit number represented by four strings of numbers ranging from 0-255 separated by periods
converts domain names to IP addresses
the English-like name that corresponds to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet
top-level domains, second-level domains, third-level domains
two and three character names you are familiar with from surfing the Web. .com, .edu, .gov
helps define the overall structure of the Internet
sets Hypertext Markup Language and other programming standards for the Web
IPv6 [Internet Protocol version g]
contains 128-bit addresses, or more than a quadrillion possible unique addresses
an advanced networking consortium representing over 330 U.S. universities, private businesses, and government agencies working with 60,000 institutions across the U.S. and international networking partners
person-to-person messaging document sharing
Chatting and Instant Messaging
Interactive conversations
discussion groups on electronic bulletin boards
logging in to one computer system and doing work on another
File Transfer Protocol [FTP]
transferring files from computer to computer
retrieving, formatting, and displaying information using hypertext links
delivers voice information in digital form using packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-distance telephone networks
integrates disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, e-mail, and electronic conferencing into a single experience where users can seamlessly switch back and forth between different communication modes
Virtual Private Networks [VPN]
a secure, encrypted, private network that has been configured within a public network to take advantage of economies of scale and management facilities of large networks
formats documents and incorporates dynamic links to other documents and pictures stored in the same or remote computers
HTTP [Hypertext Transfer Protocol]
the communication standard used to transfer pages on the Web
Uniform resource Locators [URLs]
tells the browser software exactly where to look for the information
software for locating and managing stored Web pages. It locates the Web pages requested by a user on the computer where they are stored and delivers the Web pages to the user’s computer
attempt to solve the problem of finding useful information on the Web nearly instantly
major source of internet advertising revenue. Sponsored and unsponsored results
Search Engine Optimization [SEO]
the process of improving the quality and volume and Web traffic to a Web site by employing a series of techniques that help a Web site achieve a higher ranking with the major search engine
effort to provide fewer, more relevant, and trustworthy search results based on a person’s network of social contacts
use intelligent agent software for searching internet for shopping information
chronological, informal Web sites created by individuals
RSS [Really Simple Syndication]
syndicates Web content so aggregator software can pull content for use in another setting or viewing later
collaborative Web sites where visitors can add, delete, or modify content on the site
A collaborative effort led by W3C to add layer of meaning to the existing Web
Third-generation [3g] Networks
higher transmission speeds suitable for broadband Internet access
Fourth-generation [4g] Networks
Entirely packet-switched, up to 100 Mbps
Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using low-power, radio-based communications
Used for wireless LAN and wireless internet access
device with radio receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN
one or more access points in public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area
Radio Frequency identification [RFID]
provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain.
tags have batteries, data can be rewritten, range is hundreds of feet, more expensive
range is shorter, also smaller, less expensive, powered by radio frequency energy
Wireless access range of 31 Miles
Wireless sensor networks [WSNs]
networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected wireless devices embedded into physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces
Which of the following involves slicing digital the messages into parcels transmitting them along different communication pass and reassembling them at their destinations?
The method of slicing digital messages into parcels, transmitting them along different communication paths, and reassembling them at their destinations is called: packet switching.
Which layer is responsible for addressing packaging and routing messages on Internet?
The OSI Model and Networking Protocols
Layer 2 in the DARPA model is the Internet layer, which maps to the network layer of the OSI model. The Internet layer is responsible for packaging, addressing, and routing the data.
Which of the following is a device that makes possible the translation of digital signals to analog sound signals used by a computer network?
A modem is a device that translates digital signals from a computer into analog form so that they can be transmitted over analog telephone lines. The modem also is used to translate analog signals back into digital form for the receiving computer.
Which of the following is the core communication protocol for the Internet?
Definition: TCP/IP [Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol], also referred to as the Internet Protocol Suite, is the World Wide Web's core communication system that enables every Internet-connected device to communicate with every other such device simultaneously.