What are the 5 processes of communication?

The five elements of the communication process are (1) a sender; (2) a message; (3) a channel; (4) a receiver; and (5) the outcome of the receiver (Kitson, Marshall, Bassett, & Zeitz, 2013). A sender is a person who is willing to convey a message. A message is a very idea that the sender wants to convey. A channel implicates the method of message conveying. A receiver is a person who is intended to be the audience for the message. The outcome or effect of the receiver is the impact that the message has on the receiver identifying whether he or she has received and was able to comprehend the message. Effective communication occurs when the effect of the receiver has met the expectations of the sender (Kitson et al., 2013).

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Addressing the measures that one can implement to improve his or her communication, it is significant to note that the speaker should focus on the impact of the conveyed messages on the receiver. To ensure the ultimate result, one needs to study the needs of the audience and adapt the speaking style and communicational approach to the needs of the recipient (Kitson et al., 2013). To illustrate, if a nursing professional aims to educate a patient suffering from acute bronchitis about the measures that would help him improve his condition, this specialist will need to reflect on the patient’s educational background. For instance, if the patient is a high school graduate and has no background in medicine, the nurse will strive to use only the general terms and simple language without the specific concepts implemented in health care.

Health care professionals should be concerned about the communicational process because the patients’ outcomes depend on education to a large extent (Kitson et al., 2013). Ultimately, health care is an integrative process including medication and lifestyle modification.

References

Kitson, A., Marshall, A., Bassett, K., & Zeitz, K. (2013). What are the core elements of patient‐centred care? A narrative review and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(1), 4-15.

Transmitting the sender’s intended meaning is the essence of effective communication. Communication involves two people – a sender and a receiver. One person alone cannot communicate.

Communication has been defined as a continuous process in which the exchange of ideas and information takes place among different persons.

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It has been pointed out in the characteristics of communication that it is a circular process which means that there are various steps one after the other.

The process of communication is repeated time and again because the work continues unabated in a business organisation and no work can be accomplished without completing the process of communication.

As a small business owner, you're probably going to spend the better part of every day communicating – communicating with your employees, customers, potential customers, vendors, as well as who-knows-who-else. So, it seems like a smart idea to refresh your memory about the five steps in the communications process, so that you can sharpen your skills. Electrical engineer Claude Elwood Shannon published what has become known as “the mother” of all communications models in a math journal in 1948. His ideas live on, blended with some contemporary challenges, that small business owners often face in the workplace.

Formulate an Idea

For many business owners, formulating an idea for a message is the easiest step in the five-step process, because there is an impetus. The message often falls under the “good news” category (“I'm giving you a promotion!”) or the not-so-good news category (“That malcontent customer of yours has lodged another complaint.”)

Challenge for the small business owner: Even if your recipient is nodding in agreement – always a good sign – take the extra step of asking him to rephrase it for your benefit. This is an active listening skill, which is touted, because it can mitigate communication breakdowns. It wasn't crafted by Claude Elwood Shannon, but it's likely that he would have approved of its straightforward style. He knew, as well as anybody, just how many obstacles can interfere with the “simple” two-way activity of communication.

Parts of the Communication Process 

Before learning the steps of communication, students typically first learn the parts of the communication process. According to job site Indeed.com, they are:  

• Sender. The person delivering the message 
• Receiver. The person getting the message 
• Message: The information the sender is relaying to the receiver 
• Communication channel: The method used to transmit a message 
• Decoding: Interpreting the message, done by the receiver 
• Feedback: When applicable, a response sent back to the sender 

For the sender, a detailed understanding of each of these areas is important. The identity of the receiver, for example, may determine the style of the information and the channel used. Understanding how messages get decoded is also key to creating smart messaging. 

Steps of the Communication Process 

All communication tends to follow this framework, which provides detail on every step of the process. 

Developing the Message 

The sender starts the steps of communication by creating a message they intend to send to an individual or group. They take time to craft the information they want to transmit. 

Encoding the Message 

With the information created, the sender translates it into a form that can be transmitted to someone else. This involves making the information fit a format, such as text or video. 

Selecting the Channel 

The send picks the channel communication. It should be a channel that is most appropriate for the intended audience. Examples include a social media post, video on YouTube or blog entry on a website. 

Message Transmission 

The sender then successfully transmits the message to the receiver.  

Decoding the Message 

The receiver decodes the information received. For the best messaging, the sender has attempted to place themselves in the shoes of the receiver and crafted a message that the receiver will understand as the sender intended. This is the key to effective communication, but senders do not know if they have achieved success until this step. 

Feedback 

Senders learn the effectiveness of their message when receiving feedback. However, in one-way communication, there’s no chance for the receiver to provide feedback. That’s a situation public relations and advertisers want to avoid. 

Learning Effective Communication 

The most effective communication has a simple message that is easy for the receiver to understand. Senders should also know their audience and ask questions beforehand to fill in gaps in their knowledge.  

Learning how to effectively navigate the steps of communication is something students learn in an online Bachelor of Arts in Public Relations and Advertising degree program. With Point Park University’s online programs, students have the flexibility to earn a degree that will boost their career while scheduling coursework around their busy professional and personal schedules.

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