What systematic problem-solving method guarantees a solution, provided that one exists?B]algorithmic methodWhen adults who are speaking to infants change the pitch and rhythm in their speech, they arealtering their ________.C] intonationAgatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversialtopic and social scientists have debated whether the ownership of guns by citizens increases ordecreases crime. Agatha could go to the library and look up studies on the linkage between gunsand crime rates. Instead, Agatha just reads the local newspaper and only cuts out articles aboutrobberies in which the "bad guy" used a firearm. Agatha is demonstrating ________.C] confirmationbiasIn Kosslyn's "imaginary island" study, researchers found that it does take longer to view a mental imagethat ________.A] is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compactWhich classification of developmental delay affects most of the population classified in thisfashion??What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answersto a question?B] divergentA loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keepsforgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, hereaches into his pocket for a dime he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor. Whatproblem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?A] functional fixednessKohler demonstrated "Aha!" or insight behavior with ________.A] chimpsWhich of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her ownbehavior?B] initiative versus guiltAccording to Erikson, an emotional and psychological closeness that is based on the ability totrust, share, and care, while still maintaining one's sense of self, is called ________.C] attachment
39. One of the reasons that people use algorithms is that these a. areintuitive and obvious.b. are flexible, because they are not too precise. c. can solve only certainproblems.d. change over time as we become wiser.e. will always work if used properly.Difficulty: 2Page Reference: 224 Topic: Problem Solving Skill: Factual Objective: 6.2Answer: e. will always work if used properly.40. A heuristic is BEST described as a a. rule of thumb.Correct.This is because heuristics are general guiding principles forsolving problems, not hard and fast rules.b. step-by-step procedure.Incorrect.This describes an algorithm, not a heuristic.c. time-consuming process that guarantees success. d. schema.e. categorization process from general to specific.Difficulty: 2Page Reference: 224 Topic: Problem Solving Skill: Conceptual Objective:6.2Answer: a. rule of thumb.41. In problem solving, the termrule of thumbrefers to a. heuristics.b. algorithms.c. mnemonic devices.d. cognitive shortcuts.e. representativeness biases.Difficulty: 1Page Reference: 224 Topic: Problem Solving Skill: Factual Objective: 6.2Answer: a. heuristics.42. The use of ________ in problem solving guarantees success, but usinga[n] ________ does not guarantee success.a. a mental set; schemaIncorrect.A mental set is actually a barrier to solving problems, while aschema is a cluster of related information about objects, ideas, orexperiences.b. an algorithm; heuristicCorrect.Algorithms, when applied correctly, will always lead to asolution. Heuristics help us save time, but do not guarantee solutions.c. a mnemonic; scriptd. a retrieval cue; cognitive map e. a prototype; anchoring bias
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