Bài tập câu gián tiếp tiếng anh lớp 8
Khi muốn thuật lại lời nói của ai đó, bạn sẽ cần dùng đến câu tường thuật. Trong tiếng Anh họ phân ra câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp với cách chuyển ngữ pháp khác nhau như dưới đây. Show Câu gián tiếp (hay còn gọi là câu tường thuật) được sử dụng để thuật lại một sự việc hoặc một lời nói của ai đó. Quy tắc sử dụng câu gián tiếpTrong tiếng Anh, khi muốn chuyển câu trực tiếp thành câu gián tiếp, chúng ta cần lùi thì của động từ, đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, tân ngữ và đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian. Lùi thì của động từ:Sự việc được tường thuật trong câu gián tiếp thường không xảy ra tại thời điểm nói. Do đó, khi chuyển câu trực tiếp thành câu gián tiếp, động từ cần được lùi 1 thì về quá khứ so với thì của thời điểm nói. Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Hiện tại đơn Quá khứ đơn Hiện tại tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn Tương lai đơn trong quá khứ (would) Tương lai gần was/ were going to V Tương lai tiếp diễn Tương lai tiếp diễn trong quá khứ (would be Ving) Tương lai hoàn thành Tương lai hoàn thành trong quá khứ (would have PII) shall/ can/ may should/ could/ might should/ could/ might/ must/ would Giữ nguyên LƯU Ý Có 1 số trường hợp không thể thực hiện lùi thì khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh: - Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở thì hiện tại, khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ chính và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn/ thời gian được giữ nguyên không đổi Ví dụ: My sister says: “I’m going to the supermarket.” → My sister says she is going to the supermarket. - Nếu diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên Ví dụ: He said: “The Sun sets in the West.” → He said that the Sun sets in the West. - Câu điều kiện loại II và loại III Ví dụ: “If I were you, I would not say that.” she said → She said that is she were me, she would not say that. - Cấu trúc “Wish + quá khứ đơn/ quá khứ hoàn thành” Ví dụ: “I wished I lived in Berlin.” Jane said. → Jane said she wished she lived in Berlin. - Cấu trúc “It’s time somebody did something” Ví dụ: “It’s time he did the washing-up.” his mother said. → His mother said it was time he did the washing-up. Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, đổi tân ngữKhi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta cần lưu ý đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu và tân ngữ cho phù hợp với ngữ nghĩa và hoàn cảnh. Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Đại từ nhân xưng I he, she you I, he, she, they we they Tính từ sở hữu my his, her our their your our, their Đại từ sở hữu mine his, hers yours ours, mine, theirs ours theirs Tân ngữ me him, her us them you me, us Đại từ phản thân myself himself, herself yourself himself, herself, myself ourselves themselves Đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gianTrong câu gián tiếp, sự việc không xảy ra tại thời điểm hay địa điểm mà người nói tường thuật. Do đó, khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, cần chú ý đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn. Cụ thể: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp here there now then yesterday the day before tomorrow the day after today/ tonight that day/ that night ago before next … the following … last … the previous … this that these those REPORTED SPEECH (Câu gián tiếp)Dạng câu trực tiếp Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp Ví dụ Câu kể S + say(s)/ said/ tell/ told + (that) + S + V … He said to me: “I’m going to the party.” → He told me that he was going to the party. Câu hỏi Yes/No S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/whether + S + V … “Are you hungry?” my friend asked me. → My friend asked me if I was hungry. Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi Wh- S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh + S + V … “What is Andy doing?” Jim asked → Jim wanted to know what Andy was doing. Câu mệnh lệnh/ yêu cầu S + asked/ told/ demanded,… (+O) + (not) to V … “Don’t smoke here.” my father told Pete. → My father told Pete not to smoke there. Câu cảm thán S + exclaimed/ said + that + S + V … “What a beautiful picture!” said Emma. → Emma exclaimed that the picture was beautiful. Câu đề nghị S + suggested (+ O) + (not) V-ing … “Why don’t you send her an email?” said Tim. → Tin suggested me sending her an email. Dạng câu trục tiếp là câu kể thì cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là: S + say(s)/ said/ tell/ told + (that) + S + V … Ví dụ: He said to me: “I’m going to the party.” → He told me that he was going to the party. Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi Yes/No thì cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là: S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/whether + S + V … Ví dụ: “Are you hungry?” my friend asked me. → My friend asked me if I was hungry. Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi Yes/No thì cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là: S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh + S + V … Ví dụ: “What is Andy doing?” Jim asked → Jim wanted to know what Andy was doing. Dạng câu trực tiếp là Câu mệnh lệnh/ yêu cầu thì cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là: S + asked/ told/ demanded,… (+O) + (not) to V … Ví dụ: “Don’t smoke here.” my father told Pete. → My father told Pete not to smoke there. Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu cảm thán thì cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là: S + exclaimed/ said + that + S + V … Ví dụ: “What a beautiful picture!” said Emma. → Emma exclaimed that the picture was beautiful. Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu đề nghị thì cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là: S + suggested (+ O) + (not) V-ing … Ví dụ: “Why don’t you send her an email?” said Tim. → Tin suggested me sending her an email. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt khác khi chuyển câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp: - Cấu trúc S + V + O + N/ V-ing Ví dụ: “Sorry I’m late” said Mindy. → Mindy apologized for being late. She said: “John broke the vase.” → She accused John of breaking the vase. - Cấu trúc S + V + to V Ví dụ: “I will call you when I arrive.” Tim said. → Tim promised to call me when he arrived. - Câu mời, đề nghị lịch sự Ví dụ: “Shall I pick you up at the airport?” said my brother. → My brother offered to pick me up at the airport. Một số động từ thường được sử dụng trong câu gián tiếp: say (nói), tell (kể), ask (hỏi), admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), claim (khẳng định), promise (hứa), accuse (buộc tội), apologize (xin lỗi), suggest (gợi ý), warn (cảnh báo) … Các bạn cùng xem lại kiến thức, bài tập của các dạng câu quan trọng:
Bài tập câu tường thuậtExercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau về dạng câu trần thuật 1. “If the weather is fine, I will go on a picnic with my friends,” she said. .............................................................................. 2. “What would you do if you had three days off ?” I asked him. .............................................................................. 3. “I would have come to see you if I had known your address, Jim” she said. ................................................................................. 4. “I’m sure she will help you if you ask her.” , he told me. ............................................................................... 5. “If Today were Sunday, we wouldn’t go to school.” They said to me. ................................................................................ 6. She said to me, “If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her about this.” ................................................................................... 7. “There would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came.”, they said. .................................................................................. 8. “You will be surprised if you meet him.” , Peter said to Linda. ................................................................................. 9.The boy said : “I won’t be strong if I don’t swim everyday.” ................................................................................. 10. “What would you do if you saw a snake ?” Nam asked Nga. .................................................................................. 11. “We’ll have lunch outside in the garden if it’s not cold.” ,Mr John said. .................................................................................. 12. “Tom would win more races if he trained hard.” , The man said. .................................................................................. 13. “If you feel like a chat, phone me tonight.” David said to me. ..................................................................................... 14. “If you isn’t eating so much junk food, you would be a lot fitter.” Mother said. ...................................................................................... 15. “I will be surprised if Mary doesn’t pass the exam.” , our teacher said. ...................................................................................... 16. “If I knew her hobbies, I could let you know.” He said to me. ...................................................................................... 17. “If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.” , the man said. .................................................................................... 18. “If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a big mistakes.” Julia said to LiLi. ..................................................................................... Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất. 1. Jack asked me _____.
2. She asked me _____ I liked pop music. A.when B.what C.if D.x 3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise. A.told B.tell C. have told D. are telling 4. I wanted to know_____ return home.
5. Claire told me that her father____ a race horse.
6. What did that man say ______?
7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there.
8. The builders have ______ that everything will be ready on time.
9. The doctor _______ him to take more exercise.
10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday the ______ week.
11. Yesterday, Laura ______ him to put some shelves up.
12. Tom has ______ this story wasn’t completely true.
13. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ______ day.
14. I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet.
15. Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave.
16. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill.
17. Ann ______ and left.
18. I told you ______ switch off the computer, didn’t I ?
19. Bill was slow, so I ________ hurry up.
20. Sarah was driving to fast, so I ______ to slow down.
21. Someone ______ me there’s been an accident on the motorway.
22. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____.
23. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom_______.
24. Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London.
25. When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ______ use the phone.
26. George couldn’t help me. He ______ me to ask Kate.
27. Judy ______ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to. A.admitted B. offered C. promised D. suggested 28. I said that I had met her ______ .
29. The man asked the boys ______ .
30. “______the door”, he said.
31. I wanted to know ______ return home.
32. The woman wonders _______ doing well at school.
33. Peter said he was leaving for Paris ______.
34. “I don’t usually drink milk when ______ ” Mrs. Pike said.
35. They said that their house had been broken into ______.
ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 1: 1. She said if the weather was fine, she would go on a picnic with her friends. 2. I asked him what he would do if he had (had) three days off. 3. She told Jim that she would have come if she had known his address. 4. He told me that he was sure she would help if I asked her. 5. They told me if that day were Sunday, they wouldn't go to school 6. She told me that if she were me, she wouldn't tell her about that 7 . They said that there wouldn’t be enough seats if a lot of guests came. 8. Peter told Linda that she would be surprised if she met him. 9. The boy said that he would not be strong if he did not swim everyday. 10. Nam asked Nga what she would do if she saw a snake. 11. Mr John said that they would have lunch outside in the garden if it was not cold. 12. The man said Tom would win more races if he trained hard. 13. David told me to phone him that night if I felt like a chat. 14. My mother told me that I would be a lot fitter if I was not eating so much junk food. 15. Our teacher said that she would be surprised of Mary did not pass the exam. 16. He told me that if he knew her hobbies, he could let me know. 17. The man said that he would buy a new car if he won the lottery. 18. Julia told LilLi that she would not have made such a big mistake if she had listened to Julia’s advice. |