Which generation’s members are also known as millennials?

Defining "generations" is not an exact science. The breakdowns are subjective and the traits of each cohort are generalized. For the most part, date ranges for generations are based around common economic, social, or political factors that happened during formative years. One can find disagreements and complaints over date ranges, generation names, and the over-generalized "personality" of each generation. However, marketers and journalists do sometimes find these groupings useful in targeting their marketing to particular age groups. For an example of a fairly rough outline of generational breakdowns, see the website of LifeCourse Associates

Which generation’s members are also known as millennials?
founded by the authors of Millennials Rising.

This page is a re-creation of the earlier guide "Generational Market Segmentation." The sources here are not meant to be exhaustive, but provide a general background into consumer groups segmented demographically by generation.

Generation Z

Generation Z, also sometimes known as iGeneration, Zoomers, post-Millennials, or Homelanders, are defined by Pew Research Center as those born between 1997 and 2012. This generation is often thought of as "digital natives" or "born digital" because the internet has always been a part of their lives. While most are too young to remember the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, they grew up in a world concerned with security and international terrorism; the United States has been at war in Afghanistan for most of their lives. They are the most ethnically and racially diverse generational cohorts in America.

  • "Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?" Atlantic Monthly. External

    Full citation: Twenge, Jean M. "Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?" Atlantic Monthly, September 2017.

  • "Move Over, Millennials." Nation's Restaurant News. External

    Full citation: Glazer, Fern. "Move Over, Millennials." Nation's Restaurant News, 50.11 (2016): 56.

  • “Move Over, Millennials, Here Comes Generation Z.” New York Times. External

    Full citation: Williams, Alex. “Move Over, Millennials, Here Comes Generation Z.” New York Times, September 18, 2015.

  • “Everything You Need To Know About Demanding Gen Z Consumers.” Footwear News. External

    Full citation: Butler-Young, Sheena. “Everything You Need To Know About Demanding Gen Z Consumers.” Footwear News, February 18, 2016

  • “Gen Z, iGen, Founders: What should we call the post-millennials?” Washington Post. External

    Full citation: Gibson, Caitlin. “Gen Z, iGen, Founders: What should we call the post-millennials?” Washington Post, Dec. 3, 2015.

Additional websites:

The following are just a few of the titles on these topics. The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.

Millennial

Millennials, also sometimes referred to as Generation Y, are defined as being born between 1981-1996. Older Millennials have referred to themselves as Xennials, because they identify more closely with Generation X, or as the Oregon Trail Generation, after a popular computer game from their childhood. In the media, the term millennial became synonymous with young adults in general, often pejoratively, and a large number of articles were published blaming "millennials" for ruining traditional industries. This generation's defining historical moment is the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City, which took place during their formative years. Many were entering the workforce during the financial crisis of 2008 and the Great Recession, which impacted their finances and economic views. As of 2019, Millennials outnumbered Baby Boomers, becoming the largest generational cohort.

  • Deloitte Millennial Survey External

    This is an annual survey of millennials that began with 2012. It covers a wide range of issues but the perspective is on what companies can do to attract and retain millennial workers.

  • "Millennials Didn't Kill the Economy." The Atlantic. External

    Full citation: Thompson, Derek. "Millennials Didn't Kill the Economy. The Economy Killed Millennials." The Atlantic, December 6, 2018.

The following are just a few of the titles on these topics. The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.

  • Millennials Are Not Aliens by Gui Costin

    Call Number: HQ799.7 .C67 2019

    ISBN: 9781946633422

    Published/Created: 2019

    Subtitle: ...but they are 80 Million Americans Who Are Changing How We Buy, Sell, Vacation, Invest, and Just About Everything Else

Generation X

Generation X, defined by the Pew Research Center as those born between 1965-1980, is the smallest generation by population, due to lower birth rates. They are sometimes referred to as the MTV generation, as the MTV channel debuted in their formative years. This generation was born during the sexual revolution and women's liberation movement. As they grew up, they saw the fall of the Berlin Wall, the AIDS epidemic, and the dot-com bubble crash in the 1990s.

  • "The ABCs of Selling to Generation X." Business Week. External

    Full citation: Klein, Karen E. "The ABCs of Selling to Generation X." Business Week, April 15, 2004

  • "Generation X: America’s Neglected ‘Middle Child’." Pew Research Center. External

    Full citation: Taylor, Paul and George Gao. "Generation X: America’s Neglected ‘Middle Child’." Pew Research Center, June 5, 2014.

  • Generation X Goes Global External

    Developed by Christine Henseler, author of Generation X Goes Global: Mapping a Youth Culture in Motion, this website is devoted to Generation X research, both in the United States and around the globe.

  • “The Invisible Generation.” Adweek. External

    Full citation: Klara, Robert. “The Invisible Generation.” Adweek, vol. 57, no. 12, Apr. 2016, pp. 20–23. Published online with the title "5 Reasons Marketers Have Largely Overlooked Generation X."

The following are just a few of the titles on these topics. The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.

  • Which generation’s members are also known as millennials?
    American Demographics Magazine

    Call Number: HB3505 .A66

    Published/Created: 1979-2004

    Volume 26, issue 4 from May 2004 was devoted to Generation X, with articles such as "Farther Along the X Axis," "GEN X: The Unbeholden," "A Post-Cynic's Manifesto," "In the Shadow of the Boom," "Odd Gen Out," "OrthodoX," "Overlooked & Under X-Ploited," and "ParadoX." Available online from several databases to onsite patrons and other subscribers. (Merged with Advertising Age in 2004.)

Baby Boomers

Baby Boomers are defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as those born between 1946 and 1964. This generation's name and and time frame come from the dramatic increase in birth rates post-WWII until 1964, after which the birth rate declined. Since it is tied to birth rates, this is the only generation with definitive dates and recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau. As the largest generational cohort—until recently, when they were surpassed by Millennials—they receive a lot of media and advertising attention.

  • The Baby Boom Cohort in the United States: 2012 to 2060. U.S. Census Bureau. [PDF]

    Full citation: Colby, Sandra L. and Jennifer M. Ortman. The Baby Boom Cohort in the United States: 2012 to 2060. U.S. Census Bureau. May 2014.

  • "Baby Boomers to Advertisers: Don’t Forget About Us." New York Times. External

    Full citation: Morrissey, Janet. "Baby Boomers to Advertisers: Don’t Forget About Us." New York Times, October 15, 2017.

  • "Retailers Are Adjusting To The Surge In Baby Boomers." Forbes. External

    Full citation: McGee, Tom. "Retailers Are Adjusting To The Surge In Baby Boomers." Forbes, August 13, 2018.

The following are just a few of the titles on these topics. The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.

Which generations members are also known as Millennials?

Gen Y: Gen Y, or Millennials, were born between 1981 and 1994/6. They are currently between 25 and 40 years old (72.1 million in the U.S.)

Is Gen Z also called Millennials?

Generation Z, also called Gen Z, is the generational cohort following millennials, born between the late 1990s and early 2010s.

What is another name used to describe Millennials?

The Millennial Generation is also known as Generation Y, because it comes after Generation X — those people between the early 1960s and the 1980s.

What are each generation's called?

Gen Z, iGen, or Centennials: Born 1996 – 2015. Millennials or Gen Y: Born 1977 – 1995. Generation X: Born 1965 – 1976. Baby Boomers: Born 1946 – 1964.