A study by the American Society for training and development found that organizations conduct

d.task analysis.ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 297OBJ:7-2 TYPE: K9.An analysis of the sets of skills and knowledge needed for decision-oriented and knowledge-intensivejobs is referred to as:PTS:1REF:p. 297OBJ:7-2 TYPE: K

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10.Organization analysis, task analysis, and person analysis are all part of what phase of the systemmodel?PTS:1REF:p. 295OBJ:7-2 TYPE: U

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11.Determining whether or not performance is acceptable and studying the characteristics of individualsand groups that will be placed in the training environment are known as:PTS:1REF:p. 299OBJ:7-2 TYPE: K

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12.Person analysis:a.has shifted from a fixed sequence of tasks to a set of competenciesb.helps organizations avoid the mistake of putting all employees through training whensome do not need itc.involves self-improvement and self-directed trainingd.examines the external labor market for needed skillsANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 299OBJ:7-2 TYPE: K

journal article

The Science of Training and Development in Organizations: What Matters in Practice

Psychological Science in the Public Interest

Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012)

, pp. 74-101 (28 pages)

Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/23484697

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Abstract

Organizations in the United States alone spend billions on training each year. These training and development activities allow organizations to adapt, compete, excel, innovate, produce, be safe, improve service, and reach goals. Training has successfully been used to reduce errors in such high-risk settings as emergency rooms, aviation, and the military. However, training is also important in more conventional organizations. These organizations understand that training helps them to remain competitive by continually educating their workforce. They understand that investing in their employees yields greater results. However, training is not as intuitive as it may seem. There is a science of training that shows that there is a right way and a wrong way to design, deliver, and implement a training program. The research on training clearly shows two things: (a) training works, and (b) the way training is designed, delivered, and implemented matters. This article aims to explain why training is important and how to use training appropriately. Using the training literature as a guide, we explain what training is, why it is important, and provide recommendations for implementing a training program in an organization. In particular, we argue that training is a systematic process, and we explain what matters before, during, and after training. Steps to take at each of these three time periods are listed and described and are summarized in a checklist for ease of use. We conclude with a discussion of implications for both leaders and policymakers and an exploration of issues that may come up when deciding to implement a training program. Furthermore, we include key questions that executives and policymakers should ask about the design, delivery, or implementation of a training program. Finally, we consider future research that is important in this area, including some still unanswered questions and room for development in this evolving field.

Journal Information

Psychological Science in the Public Interest (PSPI) is a supplement to Psychological Science published three times a year. Each issue contains an issue-length monograph presenting the current state of psychological research on a topic of pressing social or policy relevance. PSPI reports are authored by teams of experts representing the range of current opinion in the subject being reviewed, and thus are intended to represent the consensus of the field. Topics covered by PSPI reports include false confessions, the effects of media violence, sex differences in math and science achievement, and terrorism.

Publisher Information

Sara Miller McCune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 to support the dissemination of usable knowledge and educate a global community. SAGE is a leading international provider of innovative, high-quality content publishing more than 900 journals and over 800 new books each year, spanning a wide range of subject areas. A growing selection of library products includes archives, data, case studies and video. SAGE remains majority owned by our founder and after her lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures the company’s continued independence. Principal offices are located in Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC and Melbourne. www.sagepublishing.com

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