International fleet review 2023 centenary year năm 2024
On Oct. 4, 2013, the Royal Australian Navy commemorated the centenary of the first entry of its fleet into Sydney Harbour on 4 October 1913 with an International Fleet Review (IFR), the nation’s most significant commemorative naval event in the past 100 years. Show
The IFR not only saw the attendance of 37 warships, but also a “Salute to Navy” helicopter air difsplay, with Australian naval and military aircraft, supported by types operating with civil emergency services and heritage types, an air display involving Royal Australian Navy (RAN) helicopters, Royal Australian Air Force fixed wing aircraft, Australian Army helicopters as well as aircraft from visiting nations. Here below a couple of images of the flypasts. The first one shows the formation of eight aircraft of the RAAF (including Hornets and Hawks). The second shows the massive helicopter formation made of 25 choppers. Among the aircraft involved in the flyovers, three AP-3C Orion Maritime Patrol Aircraft from RAAF base Edinburgh’s No. 92 Wing conducted a practice formation over the multi-national Fleet in the Eastern Australian Exercise Area. As part of the IFR 2013, a Pyrotechnics Display and Lightshow Spectacular featureing fireworks launched from decks of warships in Sydney Harbour took place on Saturday Oct. 5. All images credit © Commonwealth of Australia 2013 David Cenciotti is a journalist based in Rome, Italy. He is the Founder and Editor of “The Aviationist”, one of the world’s most famous and read military aviation blogs. Since 1996, he has written for major worldwide magazines, including Air Forces Monthly, Combat Aircraft, and many others, covering aviation, defense, war, industry, intelligence, crime and cyberwar. He has reported from the U.S., Europe, Australia and Syria, and flown several combat planes with different air forces. He is a former 2nd Lt. of the Italian Air Force, a private pilot and a graduate in Computer Engineering. He has written five books and contributed to many more ones. A fleet review or naval review is an event where a gathering of ships from a particular navy is paraded and reviewed by an incumbent head of state and/or other official civilian and military dignitaries. A number of national navies continue to hold fleet reviews. Fleet reviews may also include participants and warships from multiple navies. Commonwealth realms[edit]Fleet reviews in the Commonwealth realms are typically observed by the reigning monarch or their representative, a practice allegedly dating back to the 15th century. Such an event is not held at regular intervals and originally only occurred when the fleet was mobilised for war or for a show of strength to discourage potential enemies, or during periods of commemorations. Since the 19th century, they have often been held for the coronation or for special royal jubilees and increasingly included delegates from other national navies. Traditionally, a fleet review will have participating ships dressed in flags and pennants of their respective countries, and anchored in two or more lines with an open passage between them. The crew of participating anchored ships are positioned on the upper decks, while their officers and captains are at the bridge. As the reviewing vessel sails passes the anchored ships, their crew will give three cheers and wave their caps to the reviewing officials, while their officers and captain will render a salute. Australia[edit]Three frigates of the Royal Australian Navy enter Sydney Harbour during the second day of the 2013 International Fleet Review in Australia Australia has a history of Fleet Reviews, the last Fleet Review took place in Australia in October 2013.
Canada[edit]In Canada, fleet reviews may take place on either the Atlantic or Pacific coasts, typically in Halifax Harbour for the former and Victoria Harbour for the latter.
New Zealand[edit]There have been several Fleet Reviews hosted by the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). These include the following:
United Kingdom[edit]Because of the need for a natural large, sheltered and deep anchorage, UK fleet reviews have usually been held in the Solent off Spithead, although Southend, Torbay, the Firth of Clyde and some overseas ports have also hosted reviews. In the examples below, the venue is Spithead unless otherwise noted. A list follows of fleet reviews in England, Great Britain, and later the UK since the 14th century. Pre-1700[edit]
1700–1837[edit]
Queen Victoria[edit]17 occurred during her reign, the most for any monarch.
Edward VII[edit]
George V[edit]
After supper we watched the illuminations… after half hour all the lights were turned off and red flares were lit on deck, each held by a sailor at the guardrail. These did not look very good except for the first few seconds… the ships remained illuminated for the rest of the time until midnight... We turned in about 2345 very tired." George VI[edit]
The Review Procession included the royal yacht, HMY Victoria and Albert, two minesweepers and a survey ship. The Commonwealth and Empire were represented by two warships from Canada and one each from New Zealand and India. A large complement of British merchant ships ranging from ocean liners to paddle steamers were also present. By tradition, foreign navies were invited to send a single warship each to the review and seventeen were present. Notable among them were USS New York, which had brought Admiral Hugh Rodman, the President's personal representative for the coronation, across the Atlantic; the new French battleship Dunkerque; and the elderly Soviet Marat. Also present were the formidable looking German "pocket battleship", Admiral Graf Spee, the Greek cruiser, Georgios Averof and the Japanese heavy cruiser, Ashigara. Described by one naval officer in a letter to a friend - "The day was quite as bad as I feared but my sisters are insistent that they enjoyed it all" It was also the occasion of the infamous "Woodrooffe Incident" [1] [2] in the BBC Radio coverage (known by the phrase 'The Fleet's Lit Up!') HMY Victoria and Albert III took part in this review, her second and last before being scrapped in 1939.
Elizabeth II[edit]
India[edit]There have been 12 President's fleet reviews, of which 2 were International fleet reviews - IFR 2001 and IFR 2016. Japan[edit]Since 1956, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force has hosted a fleet review approximately every three years in Sagami Bay. The Imperial Japanese Navy had historically held fleet reviews from 1869 to 1940. The Japan Coast Guard last held a fleet review in 2018 in honor of the JCG's 70th anniversary. South Korea[edit]In October 1998, the Republic of Korea Navy hosted its first international fleet review in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Republic of Korea off the coast of Busan. They have since reconvened every 10 years on the 60th and 70th anniversaries in 2008 and 2018. 21 ships from 11 countries (Australia, Bangladesh, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States) participated in the first fleet review together with 34 ships and 15 aircraft from South Korea. United States[edit]The United States Navy has hosted several naval reviews, with ships paraded by the navy reviewed by the president of the United States or the United States Secretary of the Navy. See also[edit]
References[edit]
When was the last Fleet Review?The International Fleet Review was the most recent Royal Navy review, continuing a tradition going back to the 15th century. It took place on 28 June 2005, as part of the Trafalgar 200 celebrations to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. What was the Queen's Coronation Fleet Review?The Coronation Fleet Review, was the first post-war review, with all the ongoing technical innovations the war had produced on display, with 197 Royal Navy warships, together with 13 from the Commonwealth and 16 from foreign navies, as well as representative vessels from the British Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets. What was the Royal Navy Spithead review?The Spithead Review of 1897 was reported as one of the great historical naval spectacles – a fleet of warships lined up in the greatest display of sea power the world had ever seen. The Campania, pride of the Cunard Fleet, along with several other famous merchant ships, attended the Review to accommodate the guests. What is the purpose of Fleet Review?Presidential Fleet Reviews (PFRs) are traditional events with which navies across the world honour their sovereigns or heads of government during their tenure of office. It involves assemblage of ships and other maritime assets at pre-designated area for the purpose of demonstrating loyalty and allegiance to the State. |