Which achievements are most closely associated with the Tang and Song dynasties of China?
Show
CHINA—Timeline of Historical PeriodsTimeline of Chinese Dynastiesca. 2100-1600 BCE Xia (Hsia) Dynastyca. 1600-1050 BCE Shang DynastyCapitals: near present-day Zhengzhou and Anyang 1046-256 BCE Zhou (Chou, pronounced "Joe") DynastyCapitals: Hao (near present-day Xi'an) and Luoyang Western Zhou (ca. 1046-771 BCE)Eastern Zhou (ca. 771-256 BCE)Spring and Autumn Period (770-ca 475 BCE) 221-206 BCE Qin (Ch'in, pronounced "chin") Dynasty/Capital: Chang'an, present-day Xian 206 BCE-220 CE Han DynastyWestern/Former Han (206 BCE-9 CE)Capital:
Chang'an (present-day Xian) Eastern/Later Han (25-220 CE)Capital: Luoyang 220-589 CE Six Dynasties PeriodThree Kingdoms (220-265 CE) Jin Dynasty (265-420 CE) Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (386-589 CE)Period of disunity and instability following the fall of the Han; Buddhism introduced to China 581-618 CE Sui (pronounced "sway") DynastyCapital: Chang'an (present-day Xian) 618-906 CE Tang DynastyCapitals: Chang'an (present-day Xian) and Luoyang 907-960 CE Five Dynasties Period960-1279 Song (Sung) DynastyNorthern Song (960-1127)Capital: Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng) Southern Song (1127-1279)Capital: (present-day Hangzhou) 1279-1368 Yuan DynastyThe reign of the Mongol empire; Capital: Dadu (present-day Beijing) 1368-1644 Ming DynastyRe-establishment of rule by Han ruling house; Capitals: Nanjing and Beijing 1644-1912 Qing (Ch'ing) DynastyReign of the Manchus; Capital: Beijing 1912-1949 Republic PeriodCapitals: Beijing, Wuhan, and Nanjing 1949-present People's Republic of ChinaCapital: Beijing Prepared by Dr. Amy Vladeck Heinrich, Director, C.V. Starr East Asian Library, Columbia University, for the Columbia University Project on Asia in the Core Curriculum. Annotated Timeline of Chinese History10,000-2,000 BCE Neolithic Culturesca. 2100-1600 BCE Xia (Hsia) Dynastyca. 1600-1050 BCE Shang DynastyOne of the Three Dynasties, or San Dai (Xia, Shang, and Zhou), thought to mark the beginning of Chinese civilization: characterized by its writing system, practice of divination, walled cities, bronze technology, and use of horse-drawn chariots. ca. 1046-256 BCE Zhou (Chou, pronounced "Joe") Dynasty: Western Zhou (ca. 1046-771 BCE), Eastern Zhou (771-256 BCE)A hierarchical political and social system with the Zhou royal house at its apex: power was bestowed upon aristocratic families as lords of their domains or principalities. Although often compared to European "feudalism," what actually gave the system cohesion was a hierarchical order of ancestral cults. The system eventually broke down into a competition for power between rival semi-autonomous states in what became known as the Spring and Autumn period (ca. 770-475 BCE) and the Warring States (ca. 475-221 BCE) period. It was during these tumultuous times that Confucius (551-479 BCE) lived. 221-206 BCE Qin (Ch'in, pronounced "chin") DynastyCreated a unitary state by imposing a centralized administration and by standardizing the writing script, weights and measures. Known for its harsh methods of rule, including the suppression of dissenting thought. 206 BCE-220 CE Han Dynasty: Western/Former Han (206 BCE-9 CE) and Eastern/Later Han (25-220 CE)Modified and consolidated the foundation of the imperial order. Confucianism was established as orthodoxy and open civil service examinations were introduced. Han power reached Korea and Vietnam. Records of the Historian, which became the model for subsequent official histories, was completed. 220-589 CE "Period of Disunity" or Six Dynasties PeriodThe empire was fragmented. The North was dominated by invaders from the borderland and the steppes. The South was ruled by successive "Chinese" dynasties. Buddhism spread. 581-618 CE Sui (pronounced "sway") DynastyChina reunified. 618-906 Tang DynastyA time of cosmopolitanism and cultural flowering occurred. This period was the height of Buddhist influence in China until its repression around 845. Active territorial expansion until defeated by the Arabs at Talas in 751. 960-1279 Song (Sung) Dynasty: Northern Song (960-1127) and Southern Song (1127-1279)An era of significant economic and social changes: the monetization of the economy; growth in commerce and maritime trade; urban expansion and technological innovations. The examination system for bureaucratic recruitment of neo-Confucianism was to provide the intellectual underpinning for the political and social order of the late imperial period. 1279-1368 Yuan DynastyFounded by the Mongols as part of their conquest of much of the world. Moved capital, called "Dadu" (present-day Beijing), to the north. Dramas, such as the famous Story of the Western Wing, flourished. 1368-1644 Ming DynastyThe first Ming emperor, Hongwu, laid the basis of an authoritarian political culture. Despite early expansion, it was an inward-looking state with an emphasis on its agrarian base. Gradual burgeoning of the commercial sector; important changes in the economy and social relations in the latter part of the dynasty; also a vibrant literary scene as represented by publication of the novel Journey to the West. 1644-1912 Qing (Ch'ing) DynastyA Manchu dynasty. Continued the economic developments of the late Ming, leading to prosperity but also complacency and a dramatic increase in population. The acclaimed novel Dream of the Red Chamber was written in this period. Strains on the polity were intensified by a rapid incorporation of substantial new territories. Its authoritarian structure was subsequently unable to meet the military and cultural challenge of an expansive West. 1912-1949 Republic PeriodWeak central government following the collapse of the dynastic system in 1911-12; Western influence was shown by the promotion of "science" and "democracy" during the New Culture Movement. The attempt of the Nationalist government (est. 1928) to bring the entire country under its control was thwarted by both domestic revolts and the Japanese occupation (1937-45). The Nationalists fled to Taiwan after defeat by the Communists. 1949-present People's Republic of ChinaCommunist government. The drive for remaking society ended in disasters such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. Economic reform and political retrenchment since around 1978. Prepared by Michael Tsin, previously assistant professor of Chinese
history, Columbia University; "The Dynasties Song"This "dynasties song," sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques,"
— Courtesy of the teachers on the College Board AP-World History Listserv Historical Thinking: China (Education about Asia)
What achievements are associated with the Tang and Song dynasties?China's Song and Tang dynasties fostered scientific advances comparable to Rome's during its Pax Romana. The most significant and impacting of these were the development of primitive gunpowder and porcelain of the Tang and paper money, and the magnetic compass of the Song Dynasties.
What were the achievements of the Tang Dynasty?The Tang Dynasty also invented gunpowder, waterproofing, fireproofing, gas stoves, and air conditioning. They developed agricultural machines to speed up the processes of planting, irrigating, and harvesting crops.
What were the most important Chinese accomplishments in the Tang and Song eras?A BETTER FORM OF PORCELAIN AND GUNPOWDER WAS INVENTED
Gunpowder was invented during the Tang Dynasty by Taoists who were attempting to create a potion of immortality. It is usually listed among the “Four Great Inventions” of China along with compass, papermaking and printing.
What were the two most influential advancements of the Tang and Song dynasties?Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty.
|