Which of the following causes did the american and french revolutions share?
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The _________was a period of widespread violence launched by the "Committee of Public Safety" during which as many as 30,000 citizens were executed. Show
b. "The Incorruptible" c. "Reign of Terror" d. "Reign of fear" The masses of lower-class, radical militants who became the shock troops of this revolutionary violence were known as the _________ in reference to the fact that they wore no middle-class silk breeches.
b. Plebeian c. Serfs d. sans-culottes The silversmith Paul Revere, the son of a French Huguenot immigrant, in his famous midnight ride warned Samuel Adams and John Hancock of the British plans to arrest them and roused a militia of farmers, the famous _________, near Concord, Massachusetts to arms.
b. "Delivery Men" c. "Militia Men" d. "Patriot Men" The categorical imperative dictated that one must act in such a way that _________.
b. the principle of one's action can be a principle for anyone's action c. the principle of one's actions can be easily emulated by anyone. d. the principle of one's actions becomes impossible to emulate for anyone. The most emblematic instrument of death in revolutionary France was the guillotine, and, ironically enough, its invention resulted from the search for a machine which could behead a victim "painlessly" at the behest of _________.
b. Dr. Xavier Ignace Guillot c. Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin d. the Duc de Guillotines George Washington, a former officer from a wealthy Virginia family of tobacco growers, was appointed Lieutenant Commander of the colonists' troops. Johann Gottfried Herder was a crucial figure in articulating what would ultimately become Germany's nationalist ideology and his major work, On the Origin of Language, contains the core principles of his new ideology of _________.
b. ethno-linguistic dualism c. ethno-linguistic nationalism d. ethno –linguistic pluralism Although affirming the concept that the equality of all "men" was "self-evident," the Declaration of Independence tacitly excluded the _________of all Americans who were Black slaves and the roughly half who were women, as well as the Native Americans.
b. one-fourth c. one-fifth d. one-third Building on the philosophical assumption of the material state of nature, the so-called Physiocrats argued that freedom and equality should be the principles of the economy, and that the state should adopt a _________, or "hand-off" policy in that regard.
b. "laissez-vite" c. "laissez-faire" d. "laissez- 'économiques" The official end of the French Revolution came when Napoleon was invited to take control of the Directory, instead overthrowing the Directory altogether in November, 1799. As with the later French revolutionary leaders:
b. North American upper-middle class revolutionary leaders did not need the masses to support them in their bid for independence, but were afraid of the potential violence and momentum of the masses, which might overwhelm them at any time. c. North American upper-middle class revolutionary leaders needed the masses to support them in their bid for independence, but were afraid of the potential violence and momentum of the masses, which might overwhelm them at any time. d. North American upper-middle class revolutionary leaders needed only the clergy to support them in their bid for independence, but were afraid of the potential violence and momentum of the masses, which might overwhelm them at any time. For French philosopher Auguste Comte, Worl d History was arranged into three successive stages, theological, metaphysical and scientific, the last stage representing the advances and progress ushered in by the sciences, which he saw as a positive stage. Hence Comte's philosophy's labeled _________.
b. "Positivism" c. "Scientific Positivism" d. "Scientific Optimism" Despite to the pressure exerted by multi-nationalist revolutionaries, uprisings never did materialize across the rest of Europe in early 1848 as calls for sweeping constitutional reform fell largely on deaf ears. The Congress of Vienna restored the French Bourbon monarchy with the coronation of King _________, the brother of Louis XVI.
b. Louis XVIII c. Louis XVII d. Louis XX _________had become the rallying cry among Bostonians opposed to the tea tax.
b. "No Taxation Without Representation" c. "constitution development" d. "Virtual Representation" Regarding the newly independent North American republic, which of the following statements is not accurate:
b. the 1787 constitutional convention was convened in Philadelphia to attempt to create a far more effective federal system c. the new republic's initial years were fraught with organizational difficulties d. the 1787 constitutional convention added checks and balances in the form of bicameral legislature and separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches Denis Diderot's most important contribution to the Enlightenment was the assembly of the movement's secular scholarly and artistic knowledge to produce the _________.
b. Libre de sophi c. les misserables d. Lettre sur les aveugles à l'usage de ceux qui voient The principle of legitimacy was conceived in an attempt to recognize exclusive monarchical rule in Europe and to _________.
b. reestablish the borders of France as they were in 1786 c. reestablish the borders of France as they were in 1789 d. reestablish the borders of France as they were in 1788 In contrast to Rousseau's traditional Christian ethics, the Prussian _________sought to build morality on transcendent reason and thus came to the conclusion that his morality had to be erected on the basis of the categorical imperative.
b. John Locke c. G.W. Leibniz d. Immanuel Kant By contrast, the Declaration of Independence, voted on by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, was a highly literate document steeped in _________thought and the New Sciences.
b. Humanism c. Geocentric d. Enlightenment After supplying the American colonists with money, arms, and officers, in 1778–1779, in alliance with _________, France declared war on Great Britain.
b. Germany c. Spain d. Italy The American Civil War broke out when the federal government tried to suppress the efforts of a number of southern states to secede from the Union and form a new government, _________, and was waged on the principle of states' rights's opposition of federal government intrusion, especially with regards to the issue of slavery.
b. The Provisional Confederate States of America c. Confederate States d. the Confederate states of America One of the most memorable of these French Enlightened thinkers was _________, whose most famous work, the picaresque tale of Candide, lay bare all the venality, corruption, and absurdity of government, religion and even some Enlightenment ideas.
b. Voltaire c. Necker d. Robespierre In retaliation for the defiant events in Boston Harbor, Britain imposed the so-called _________, also known as "the Intolerable Acts" in colonial North America, a historic event which put Massachusetts into effective bankruptcy and ultimately polarized colonial North America into two clearly defined factions: those in favor of Thomas Hobbes' principle of indivisible sovereignty and those in favor of John Locke's principle of equal representation, thereby sparking the struggle for American Independence against George III's Britain.
b. Declaratory Acts c. Townshend Acts d. Coercive Acts An early obstacle for the Continental Association made up of North America's colonial assemblies was that _________of the North American population was not sufficiently propertied to have the right to vote for these assemblies.
b. one-third c. three-fourths d. one-fourth The simple, plain-spoken prose of Thomas Paine's widely read pamphlet, titled _________, helped to bridge the gap between the upper-middle and lower classes in colonial North America by giving colonists from all walks of life, especially among craftsmen and laborers, a common cause for independence and freedom from British imperialism.
b. Common Sense c. Economic Sense d. Equality Sense Nationalism is defined as _________.
b. the belief that people who share the same language, history and sense of identity make up a nation and that every nation has the right to pursue its own destiny. c. the belief that people who share the same sense of identity and ethnicity make up a nation and that every nation has the right to pursue its own destiny. d. the belief that people who share the same language and ethnicity make up a nation and that every nation has the right to pursue its own destiny. Despite being politically fragmented, Germany displayed ethno-linguistic characteristics very similar to those of Britain and France. After the Civil War, a period of unification ensued during which Southern states were occupied by federal troops in order to enforce the new policies of the _________.
b. Reconstruction c. Missouri Compromise d. Monroe Doctrine The symbolic dumping of an expensive cargo of tea into Boston Harbor in 1773 is nown as the _________.
b. Destruction of tea Party c. Boston Tea Party d. Tea Party The later nineteenth century, during which America saw the staggering growth of business monopolies and the wealth of industrial tycoons is sometimes referred to as the _________.
b. Lucrative Age c. Gilded Age d. roaring twenties The driving principle at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, was the the issue of _________in an effort to restore order to a war-torn Europe.
b. constitutional monarchy c. democracy d. provisional government Which of the following was not an action taken by the National Assembly?
b. granting women the right to join the conscript army c. establishing a constitutional monarchy d. issuing laws ending the unequal rights of the Old Regime _________and the French government had followed the events of the American War for Independence with great sympathy, hoping for an opportunity to avenge France's defeat in the Seven Years' War.
b. King Louis the XVII c. King Louis the X d. King Louis the XVI Though the new republic _________what we would consider today to be "representative" government, its abolition of the divine right of monarchical rule and its replacement by the sovereignty of the people was for most people an unimaginable reversal of the natural order of things, signaling the advent of a new pattern of state formation and modernity.
b. fell far short of c. did not aim to address at all d. failed completely to address Unlike Europe, where the restoration of monarchical rule had complicated nation-state formation, the United States was unaffected by these developments and, instead, witnessed the rise of what would be a long tradition of _________.
b. separatism c. neo-imperialism d. libertarianism The _________was a popular assembly which met in Versailles and which held constituent meetings across France according to their "estate" or hierarchy as First (clergy), Second (nobility) and Third Estate (commoners).
b. "Conclave Assembly" c. "Estates-General" d. "Popular Party" Which of the following was not a true phase of the French Revolution?
b. radical republicanism c. military consolidation d. enlightened revival In 1789, the National Assembly declared _________.
b. War on the Monarchy c. "The Rights of Man and of the Citizen" d. Tennis court Oath The French Enlightenment thinkers were known as _________.
b. Philosofia c. Revolutionists d. philosophes Friedrich Schiller's _________, celebrating the brotherhood and unity of humanity and considered the hymn of Enlightenment, was an example of the author's search to harmonize the "sensual" and the "formal" passions with which Enlightenment thinkers were wrestling as they contemplated the natural state of humans.
b. Joy to the World c. Du Hast d. Du to Joy Despite these internal conflicts, Aurangzeb's military prowess helped him to secure key areas that had long eluded Mughal efforts: Bijapur, Golconda and much of the Maratha lands of the _________region of South Central India.
b. "Robspierre Reaction" c. "Bourgeoisie Reaction" d. "Thermidorean Reaction" Which of the following statements is not true regarding the American and French Revolutions' background of ethnic nationalism?
b. the ethnic "Frenchness" of France's historical tradition was an obvious notion to French revolutionaries c. the ethnic "Britishness" of the American Revolution was a far more complex notion than the ethnic "Frenchness" of the French Revolution d. the ethnic "Britishness" of the American Revolution was a far less complex notion than the "Frenchness" of the French Revolution The Continental Congress of the colonies in 1774–1775 was able to successfully resolve the clash brought about by "the Intolerable Acts." The Enlightenment movement can be said to have had two phases, early and late Enlightenment, both separated by the watershed year of 1750, after which the _________of the Enlightenment redefined the course of the movement.
b. political dimension c. social dimension d. cultural dimension The Republican backlash to the Bourbon restoration policies was swift after the unpopular reigns of two Bourbon monarchs, leading to the selection of the pro-Republican Louis-Philippe, the so-called "Bourgeois King," son of a pro-Republican duke who had been executed during the Revolution, to the trone. The ensuing Revolution of 1848 led to another between pro-restoration and pro-republican factions, culminating with the election by Parliament of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, a nephew of the former emperor, as _________.
b. Czar c. president d. governor The slogan "there is only one crime, treason; and one punishment, death" is attributed to _________, a revolutionary leader who prided himself on his alliance with the laborers and craftsmen of Paris.
b. Maximilien Robespierre c. Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès d. Marie-Antoinette _________is described as the intellectual and artistic movement that emphasized emotion and imagination of the self over reason and sought the sublime in nature.
b. Objective Romanticism c. Romantic Objectivism d. Romanticism The _________was the policy of retribution the restored French aristocrats and loyalists engaged in to avenge their sufferings during the revolution.
b. "Search and Destroy" c. "Logical Fallacy" d. "Black Terror" In his Social Contract, and to the consternation of French radicals, Jean-Jacques Rousseau espoused the notion that humans _________.
b. had suffered no observable change from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them c. had suffered a steady decline from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them d. had enjoyed a steady rise from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them When the colonists eventually won the war of independence in 1783, the Founding Fathers created a revolutionary federal republic with a Congress that was far more representative of its citizens than the Parliament in Great Britain. What did Emmanuel Joseph Syegès mean by a Third Estate in his pamphlet, entitled "What is the Third Estate?"
b. the French Nation c. The French Consulate d. The French Revolution Both the American and French Revolutions were outgrowths of the _________and the later Enlightenment.
b. Napoleonic wars c. Seven Years' War d. Crimean war Realism is the belief that:
b. reality does not exist independent of the things being observed c. reality does not exist independent of the time period being observed d. reality does not exist independent of the people who observe it The principle of _________ involved a basic policy of preventing any one state from rising to dominance over any other.
b. anti-imperialism c. protect and serve d. balance of power In the peace negotiations following Great Britain's defeat by the Franco-Spanish alliance, France and Spain made few territorial gains. Instead, France incurred _________, an obligation which it ultimately was unable to meet, thus setting in motion one of the underlying causes for the outbreak of the French Revolution.
b. tariffs c. war bonds d. embargoes The growing discontent among the upper and middle classes in thirteen North American colonies in the second half of the eighteenth century arose primarily as a popular backlash against what they considered to be _________on behalf of the British Crown.
b. unreasonable representation in parliament c. unreasonable treatment of European born Americans d. unreasonable support from Britain against the Indians The academic discipline of _________was born out of the late Enlightenment thinkers' appalled attitude towards the inefficient administration of finances, taxes and trade as well as their countries' mercantilism, which they viewed as inadequate.
b. politics c. sociology d. socioeconomics Austria's Prime Minister Prince Clemens von Metternich, an opponent of constitutional nationalism, now called "republicanism," in an effort to reinstitute the right of kings and emperors to rule by divine grace, persuaded the Congress of Vienna to formulate two new principles: _________. Which causes did the American Revolution and the French Revolution share?Although the French and American people had several distinct and differing motives for revolting against their ruling governments, some similar causes led to both revolutions, including the following: Economic struggles: Both the Americans and French dealt with a taxation system they found discriminating and unfair.
How were the causes of the American and French Revolutions similar and different?The Causes of the French revolution and the American revolution are similar because they both were partially prompted by an over-reaching monarch, another similarity was that both revolutions were started by the commoners who wanted revolution to improve their lives, however a key difference is that the American ...
Which statement describes a major similarity between the French and American revolutions?Both revolutions were the result of governments denying basic human rights and inducing stressful economic conditions.
What are 3 things the French Alliance contributed to the American cause?Between 1778 and 1782 the French provided supplies, arms and ammunition, uniforms, and, most importantly, troops and naval support to the beleaguered Continental Army. The French navy transported reinforcements, fought off a British fleet, and protected Washington's forces in Virginia.
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