How many bystander Intervention steps are there

SEXUAL HARASSMENT 

DEFINITION: Unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, verbal comments, and physical conduct of a sexual nature where submission, to or rejection of them can impact or interfere with someone's job, pay, or career. Guideline apply 24/7 on or off-installation.

TWO TYPES:

Quid Pro Quo: Conditions placed on a person's career or terms of employment in return for sexual favors.
Hostile Environment: When personnel are subjected to offensive, unwanted, and unsolicited comments or behaviors of a sexual nature. 

THREE CATEGORIES:

Verbal: Jokes, comments, whistling, or pet names.
Nonverbal: Staring, displays, messaging, or music.
Physical Contact: Touching, cornering, or kissing.

REPORTING OPTIONS:

Anonymous: Encourages reporting and keeps anonymity.
Informal: Direct approach, third party, or chain of command.
Formal: Equal opportunity (EO) compliant form filed within 60 days; commanders are notified. 

SEXUAL HARASSMENT is punishable with the full range of administrative, non-judicial, and judicial actions. 

Sometimes, we may want to respond directly to harassment by naming the inappropriate behavior confronting the person doing harm.

Use this one with caution, because Direct intervention can be risky – the person harassing may redirect their abuse towards the intervening bystander, or may escalate the situation in another way. The first key to Direct intervention is to assess the situation before you decide to respond, by asking yourself the following questions:

1. Are you physically safe? 

2. Is the person being harassed physically safe? 

3. Does it seem unlikely that the situation will escalate? 

4. Can you tell if the person being harassed wants someone to speak up?

If you can answer yes to all of these questions, you might choose a direct response. 

The second key to Direct intervention is to keep it short and succinct. As tempting as it may be, avoid engaging in dialogue, debate, or an argument – since this is how situations can escalate. If the person harassing responds to your Direct intervention, focus your attention on assisting the person who was harmed, instead of engaging with the person doing the harm.

If you choose to intervene directly, here are some examples of what you can say:

– “That’s inappropriate,” “That’s homophobic,” “That’s disrespectful,” “That’s racist,” “That’s not okay,” “That’s harassment,” etc.

– “Leave them alone.” 

– “Please stop right now.”

– “They’ve asked you to leave them alone and I’m here to support them.”

A note about safety: We don’t ever want you to get hurt while trying to help someone out. Always prioritize safety, and consider possibilities that are unlikely to put you or anyone else in harm’s way.

Everyone has a role to play in preventing sexual assault and there are many different ways you can step up to make a difference, notably through bystander intervention. An active bystander is someone who interrupts a potentially harmful situation, especially when it comes to sexual violence. They may not be directly involved but they do have the choice and opportunity to speak up and intervene.

We can all be bystanders at any point. Every day events and potentially unsafe situations unfold around us at an alarming rate. In these situations, you can play an important role in addressing interpersonal violence on and off campus. There may be many situations that happen that require you to intervene and act accordingly. Taking action and interfering safely is an essential skill. Stepping in can make all the difference, but it should never put your own safety at risk.

Below are ways you can be an effective, active bystander without posing risk to yourself.

Create a Distraction

Distracting is a subtle and innovative way of intervening. The purpose of distraction is to interrupt the incident, safely, by communicating with the individual at risk and giving them an opportunity to safely exit the potentially dangerous situation. Try creating a distraction as early as possible.

This technique can be used to de-escalate the situation and re-direct the attention of the aggressor or the individual at risk to something else. For example, creating a conversation with the individual at risk is helpful. At this moment, make sure not to leave them alone. This technique can be used to dilute the tension before it escalates to further danger.

Other ideas include:

• Cut off the conversation with a diversion like, “Let’s get pizza, I’m starving,” or “This party is lame. Let’s try somewhere else.”
• Bring out fresh food or drinks and offer them to everyone at the party, including the people you are concerned about.
• Start an activity that draws other people in, like a game, a debate, or a dance party.

Ask Directly

Asking directly to the individual at risk can help you determine if an action needs to be taken immediately to ensure a safe environment. You can address the individual at risk directly.You can ask the following, “Do you need help?” or “Would you like me to stay with you?” or “Would you like to get out of here and go somewhere safe?”

Make sure to ask the question when the perpetrator is not listening or nearby in order to de-escalate the situation from turning into a crisis. Asking them if they need any support or assistance at the moment can help you determine if an authority needs to be contacted. If the answer is yes, proceed to contact a safe emergency personnel.

Rally Others

It can be intimidating to approach a situation alone. If you need to, enlist another person to support you:

• Ask someone to come with you to approach the person at risk. When it comes to expressing concern, sometimes there is power in numbers.
• Ask someone to intervene in your place. For example, you could ask someone who knows the person at risk to escort them to the bathroom.
• Enlist the friend of the person you’re concerned about. “Your friend looks like they’ve had a lot to drink. Can you check on them?”

Sometimes the safest way to intervene is to enlist an authority figure like a resident assistant, bartender, bouncer, or security guard. This option will allow you to have others on your side and can offer additional safety from the perpetrator.

If the situation has escalated and involves imminent danger and actual harm, the best intervention technique that can be used is to call 9-1-1. When calling, be prepared to identify yourself, your location, and the nature of the situation. Be sure to stay present when help arrives and near the individual that was harmed. Remain calm, friendly, and supportive.

Extend Support

After experiencing such a situation, the individual at risk may feel panicked and be unsure about what to do next. Extending a helping hand and empathetic ear can make a huge difference. Offer them appropriate resources and options for how you can support them. You can ask: “Do you want me to walk with you to your destination?” or “Is there anything I can do to support you?” or “Would you like resources for support and guidance following this incident?”

If they want resources, you can extend contact numbers of your campus’ health, student support, and advocacy centers. You can also share the National Sexual Assault Hotline (800.656-HOPE (4673) or rainn.org); it’s free, confidential, and available 24/7. Extending support is an important part of bystander intervention because it allows the individual at risk to heal and connect with a supportive community for recovery and restoration.

Your Actions Matter

Whether or not you were able to change the outcome, by stepping in you are helping to change the way people think about their role in preventing sexual assault. If you suspect that someone you know has been sexually assaulted, there are steps you can take to support that person and show you care. You can learn more at www.rainn.org/TALK.

To speak with someone who is trained to help, call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800.656.HOPE (4673) or chat online at online.rainn.org.

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