Which of the following specifically refers to the perception of an individuals ancestry or heritage?
Adolescence
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Ethnic and racial identities, of course, are not adopted solely by minority populations. Everyone develops a sense of ethnic and racial identity. Visit Toolkit: Identity Development for resources. Learn more about Adolescent Development. Ethnicity and RaceEthnicity and race refer to different dimensions of our identities. Ethnicity refers to the idea that one is a member of a particular cultural, national, or racial group that may share some of the following elements: culture, religion, race, language, or place of origin. Two people can share the same race but have different ethnicities. For example, among two black individuals one may be African-American and another may be African-Caribbean. Race is a social construction that refers to characteristics possessed by individuals and groups. The meaning of race is not fixed; it is related to a particular social, historical, and geographic context. The way races are classified changes in the public mind over time; for example, at one time racial classifications were based on ethnicity or nationality, religion, or minority language groups. Today, by contrast, society classifies people into different races primarily based on skin color. Certain ethnic and racial identities may also confer privilege. What is Ethnic and Racial Identity?Ethnic and racial identities are important for many young people, particularly those who are members of minority groups. These dimensions of the self may instill feelings of:
Ethnic identity develops in adolescence and is passed from one generation to the next through customs, traditions, language, religious practice, and cultural values. Our ethnic and racial identities are also influenced by the popular media, literature, and current events. Ethnic identity may play a larger role among minority youth because they experience the contrasting and dominant culture of the majority ethnic group. Youth who belong to the majority ethnic culture may not even recognize or acknowledge their ethnic identity [2]. Stages in Ethnic Identity DevelopmentDrawing on research by Erik Erikson and James Marcia, among others [3, 4], developmental psychologist Jean S. Phinney has proposed a three-stage model for adolescent ethnic identity development [2]. These stages do not correspond to specific ages, but can occur at any time during early to late adolescence. Individuals may spend their entire lives at a particular stage of ethnic identity development [2, 5].
Racial Identity StatusesThe classic model of racial identity development was developed by psychologist William Cross. Cross was careful to argue that his model refers to identity statuses rather than stages, because stages imply a linear progression of steps which may not occur for all adolescents [6]. The four identity statuses may occur at any time during adolescence.
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Which of the following is a value of individualistic cultures quizlet?Individualistic cultures value things like personal achievement and personal opinions, while collectivistic cultures tend to value things like group harmony over any one person in the group.
Which of the following refers to verbal nonverbal behavior whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture quizlet?definition: communication codes: Verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture. Three kinds of communication codes—idioms, jargon, and gestures—differ significantly from society to society.
Which of the following factors influences gender?Gender socialization occurs through four major agents: family, education, peer groups, and mass media. Each agent reinforces gender roles by creating and maintaining normative expectations for gender-specific behavior.
What term best describes the process of acquiring a culture?Enculturation is the process by which people learn the dynamics of their surrounding culture and acquire values and norms appropriate or necessary to that culture and its worldviews.
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