What are the characteristic features of Kohlbergs theory of moral development?

Multiple Choice Questions

11.

The stages of cognitive development according to Piaget is followed by

• sensory motor period, concrete operational period, pre-operational period, formal operational period

• sensory motor period, pre-operational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period

• pre-operational period, sensory-motor period, concrete operational period, formal operational period

• pre-operational period, sensory-motor period, formal operational period, concrete operational period

B.

sensory motor period, pre-operational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period

12.

Retrieving hidden objects is an evidence that infants have begun to master. which of the following cognitive functions?

• Intentional behaviour

• Object-permanence

• Problem-solving

• Experimentation

B.

Object-permanence

According to Piaget, the development of object permanence is one of the most important accomplishments at the sensorimotor stage of development. Object-permanence is a child's understanding that objects continue to exist even though they cannot be seen or heard

13.

The stages of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget known as pre-conceptual period is related to

• sensory motor stage

• concrete operations stage

• pre-operational stage

• formal operations stage

C.

pre-operational stage

There are two substages characterized in the preoperational stage, in Piaget's theory of Cognitive Development

The Pre-conceptual sub-stage occurs between about the ages of 2 and 4. The child is able to formulate designs of objects that are not present. Other examples of mental abilities are language and pretend play. Although there is an advancement in progress, there are still limitations such as egocentrism and animism. Egocentrism occurs when a child can’t distinguish between their own perspective and another person's. They tend to pick their own view of what they see rather than the actual view shown to others.

The Intuitive Thought sub-stage occurs between 4 and 7. Children tend to grow very curious and ask many questions; they begin the use of primitive reasoning. There is an emergency in the interest of reasoning and wanting to know why things are the way they are. Piaget called it the Intuitive sub-stage because children realize they have a vast amount of knowledge but don’t know how they know it. In Preoperational thought, centration is the act of focusing all attention on a single characteristic compared to the others.

14.Which of the following is a characteristic of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? Universal sequences of stages across all culturesStages proceed in a non-hierarchic mannerVariable sequence of stagesStages are isolated responses and not general pattern

A.

Universal sequences of stages across all cultures

Kohlberg's stages of moral development theory hold that moral reasoning the basis of ethical behavior has six identifiable developmental stages, the six stages of moral development are grouped into three levels i.e. preconventional, conventional and post-conventional level.

15.

Karnail Singh does not pay income tax despite legal procedures and expenses. He thinks that he cannot support a corrupt government which spends millions of rupees in building unnecessary dams. He is probably in which state of Kohl berg's stages of moral development?

• Conventional

• Post- conventional

• Pre - conventional

• Para -conventional

B.

Post- conventional

According to Kohlberg, moral development is the manner in which individuals make judgments about what is right and wrong. His theory divides individuals into six stages based on their moral development. Two stages are at the pre-conventional level, two stages are at the conventional level and the last two are at the post-conventional level. People who have reached the post-conventional stage of development are concerned with the innate rights of humans and guided by their own ethical principles.

16.

Which of the following implications cannot be derived from Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

• Discovery learning

• Need of verbal teaching

• Sensitivity to children's readiness to learn

• Acceptance of individual differences

B.

Need of verbal teaching

The cognitive theory of Piaget deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come to acquire, constructs and use it. To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience. Piaget did not emphasise the role of language in development.

17.

Which of the following figures correctly represents the development according to Piaget's developmental theory?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

C.

3

Piaget's development theory emphasised on the discreteness of stages of cognitive development.

18.

According to Socio-cultural theory of Vygotsky

• culture and language play a crucial role in development.

• the child thinks in different domains and does not take a complete perspective

• children think in abstract terms if presented abstract material at a lower age

• self-directed speech is the lowest stage of the scaffold

A.

culture and language play a crucial role in development.

Vygotsky believed children's thinking is affected by their knowledge of the social community. Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting or shaping cognitive development. He also suggested that language is the most important tool for gaining the social knowledge. The child can be taught this from other people via language.

19.

The fact that children require culturally relevant knowledge and skills is attributed to

• Charles Darwin

• BF Skinner

• Urie Bronfenbrenner

• Lev Vygotsky

D.

Lev Vygotsky

Lev Vygotsky believed children's thinking is affected by the knowledge of the social community. He assumes cognitive development varies across cultures. For Vygotsky, the environment in which children grow up will influence how they think and what they think

20.

As a teacher, you firmly believe in 'saying no to ragging and bullying' and put up posters and form committees in schools. The young adolescents who join you with strong beliefs, are at which of the following stages?

• The conventional level

• The pre-conventional level

• The post-conventional level

• Social order maintaining level

C.

The post-conventional level

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, the given condition can be seen at the post-conventional morality level. In this level, individual judgement is based on self-chosen principles and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice.

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