When a firm engages in socially responsible activities with a prime focus on reputation quizlet?

-Businesses have no social responsibilities beyond the economic and legal ends for which it was created.

-Managers are employees, or agents, of company owners & must work to further the owners' interests, primarily by maximizing profits.

-Many observers identify this perspective as the dominant model of CSR and refer to it as "managerial capitalism."

-Management may choose to contribute to society as a matter of philanthropy, but not as a matter of duty or social responsibility.

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Terms in this set (79)

B

Some employers might decide to treat employees well as a means to produce greater workplace harmony and productivity. This approach is reminiscent of _____ ethics.
a. deontological
b. utilitarian
c. normative
d. Kantian

C

Some employers emphasize the rights and duties of all employees, and treat employees well simply because "it is the right thing to do." Identify the ethical approach for this perspective.
a. Prescriptive ethics
b. Utilitarianism
c. Deontological ethics
d. Classicism

C

Philosophically, the right of _____ is the right to be protected against the arbitrary use of authority.
a. continuance
b. freedom of association
c. due process
d. self-determination

A

Which of the following statements is true about the right of due process?
a. In legal contexts, due process refers to the procedures that police and courts must follow in exercising their authority over citizens.
b. Few dispute that the state, through its police and courts, has the authority to punish citizens. This authority of the state is the right of due process.
c. Due process in the workplace acknowledges employees' authority over an employer.
d. In legal contexts, due process refers to the unlimited authority that police and courts have over citizens, to create a safe and orderly society.

D

Identify the correct statement about "bullying."
a. The mistreatment of an employee needsto be physically threatening to be termed as bullying.
b. Bullying does not involve a boss who is constantly yelling dictates at workers because that is his job.
c. When a coworker spreads rumors about another in order to sabotage his position, he is not regarded as bullying as he is not higher than the other employee in the hierarchy of authority.
d. Bullying can lead to a complete loss of personal dignity, intimidation, and fear.

B

The issue of workplace bullying is more predominant in the service sector because:
a. it lacks the right of due process.
b. that work relies significantly on interpersonal relationships and interaction.
c. of its strong hierarchy of authority.
d. most of the organizations in this sector are decentralized.

D

Identify the doctrine which holds that employers are free to fire an employee at any time and for any reason, unless an agreement specifies otherwise.
a. The doctrine of estoppel
b. The doctrine of constructive notice
c. The doctrine of constructive dismissal
d. The doctrine of employment at will

C

Which of the following statements about the doctrine of employment at will (EAW) is true?
a. Employment at willholds that employers can fire an employee at any time, but have to provide them with a valid reason.
b. The freedom to terminate the employer-employee relationship is mutual, both theoretically and practically.
c. The ethical rationale for EAW has both utilitarian and deontological elements.
d. Civil rights laws are not an exception to the EAW because it prohibits firing someone on the basis of membership in certain prohibited classes.

D

During the process of downsizing, allowing a worker to remainin a position for a period of time once she or he has been notified of impending termination might not be the best option. Identify the correct justification for this statement.
a. Workers will interpret early notice as an effort to allowthem time to come to grips with the loss of their jobs.
b. Terminated workers will not be inclined to put their best effort, which might result in lost revenues.
c. Workers who are not terminated will have a bad impression about the organization for terminating their coworkers.
d. Terminated workers may interpret early notice as an effort to get the most out of them before departure.

D

In some regions, employees lack even the most basic health and safety protections in their workplaces. Such work environments are termed as _____.
a. op shops
b. holes-in-the-walls
c. haberdasheries
d. sweatshops

B

The life of one who dies in a workplace accident has _____ value that can be measured, in part, by the lost wages that would have been earned had that person lived.
a. absolute
b. instrumental
c. intrinsic
d. extrinsic

C

The _____ value of the life is something that financial compensation cannot replace.
a. absolute
b. instrumental
c. intrinsic
d. extrinsic

A

Which of the following is true of health and safety at the workplace?
a. Health and safety have instrumental value and intrinsic value.
b. Employers are responsible to provide a completely safe and healthy workplace.
c. Financial compensation can replace the value of life lost due to lack of health and safety measures.
d. Employers do not have the right to fire employees on grounds of health and safety.

C

With regard to health and safety at workplace, _____ can be defined as the probability of harm.
a. obstacles
b. impediments
c. risks
d. barriers

C

With regard to health and safety at workplace, _____ can be determined by comparing the probabilities of harm involved in various activities.
a. variable obstacles
b. absoluteimpediments
c. relative risks
d. comparative barriers

B

Discussions in ethics about employee health and safety tend to focus on the relative risks workers face and the level of acceptable workplace risk because:
a. workers' compensation is easier to calculate.
b. employers cannot be responsible for providing an ideally safe and healthy workplace.
c. insurance laws mandate the focus on relative risks and acceptability of workplace risk.
d. it results in a completely safe and healthy workplace

D

Comparison of the probabilities of harm involved invarious activities would determine the _____.
a. acceptable level of risks
b. absolute risks
c. speculative risks
d. relative risks

C

When can we conclude that an activity has an "acceptable level of risk?"
a. If it can be determined that the probability of harm involved in a specific work activity is manageable.
b. If the probability of harm involved in a specific work activity is acceptable by insurance and workers' compensation laws.
c. If it can be determined that the probability of harm involved in a specific work activity is equal to or less than the probability of harm of some more common activity.
d. If the employers are willing to compensate the harm caused to workers for a specific activity.

C

Which of the following approaches to health and safety at the workplace can be considered paternalistic decision making which treats employees like children and makes crucial decisions for them?
a. Government-regulated ethics approach
b. Diversifiable risk approach
c. Acceptable level of risk approach
d. Market controlled approach

C

Which of the following is true of the acceptable risk approach to health and safety?
a. It is a liberal approach to health and safety that allows employees to recognize the risk they are likely to face.
b. It involves the determination of "relative risks," the calculation of which is a complicated process and not always reliable.
c. It treats employees disrespectfully by ignoring their input as stakeholders.
d. It assumes differences between workplace risks and other types of risks when there are significant similarities between them.

D

Identify the challenge faced by the acceptable risk approach to health and safety.
a. It is a liberal approach to health and safety that allows employees to recognize the risk they are likely to face.
b. It involves the determination of "relative risks," the calculation of which is a complicated process and not always reliable.
c. It assumes differences between workplace risks and other types of risks when there are significant similarities between them.
d. It ignores the fundamental deontological right an employee might have to a safe and healthy working environment.

B

Which of the following statements is true about the market controlled approach to health and safety?
a. It treats employees disrespectfully by ignoring their input as stakeholders.
b. In this approach, employees are free to choose the risks they are willing to face by bargaining with employers.
c. It assumes an equivalency between workplace risks and other types of riskswhen there are significant differences between them.
d. It calls for the determination of comparison of probabilities of harm involved invarious activities.

A

Enlightened self-interest would be a valuable theory to introduce and apply in the _____ approach to health and safety.
a. market controlled
b. integrative
c. acceptable risk
d. government-regulated

A

Which of the following problems are associated with the market controlled approach to health and safety?
a. Employees do not know the risks involved in a job and therefore are not in a position to freely bargain for appropriate wages.
b. It ignores the fundamental deontological right an employee might have to a safe and healthy working environment.
c. It assumes an equivalency between workplace risks and other types of risks when there are significant differences between them.
d. It treats employees disrespectfully by ignoring their input as stakeholders.

C

Identify the correct statement about government standards in the government-regulated ethics approach to health and safety.
a. Due to its focus on prevention rather than compensation, standards cannot address the "first generation" problem of the market controlled approach to health and safety.
b. Standards wouldfavor individual bargaining between employers and employees as the approach toworkplace health and safety.
c. Standards can overcome market failures that result from insufficient information.
d. Standards call for the determination of comparison of probabilities of harm involved in various activities.

D

Identify the approach that allows the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA)to make trade offs between health and economics.
a. Sustainability approach
b. Integrative approach
c. Market controlled approach
d. Feasibility approach

C

Critics in both industry and government argue that OSHA should aim to achieve the optimal, rather than highest feasible, level of safety. Which of the following can be used to achieve this goal?
a. Cost-utility analysis
b. Cost-minimization analysis
c. Cost-benefit analysis
d. Cost-effectiveness analysis

C

Identify the distinguishing feature between cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness.
a. Cost-effectiveness is ethically problematic.
b. Cost-benefit analysis adoptsthe most efficient means available to achieving a particular standard.
c. Cost-benefit analysis is ethically problematic.
d. Cost-effectiveness uses economic criteria before setting the standards.

B

Which of the following statements is true about cost-benefit analysis?
a. It treats health and safety merely as an intrinsic value and denies its instrumental value.
b. It requires that an economic value be placed on one'slife and bodily integrity.
c. It adopts the least expensive and most efficient means available to achieve existing standards.
d. It uses ethical criteria in setting standards.

B

According to the universal principle of Kantian philosophy, the ethical obligation of _____ should guide employment interactions.
a. family responsibilities
b. respect for people
c. religion
d. core customs

D

The 'Tripartite' part of the Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy refers to critical cooperation necessary from all of the following except:
a. governments.
b. employers' and workers' organizations.
c. multinational enterprises involved.
d. the suppliers and agents associated with the firm.

B

The Title VII of the _____, passed in 1964, created the prohibited classes of discrimination.
a. International LabourAct
b. United States Civil Rights Act
c. Equal Employment Opportunity CommissionAct
d. Uniform Employment Termination Act

A

Which of the following is discrimination against those traditionally considered to be in power or the majority?
a. Reverse discrimination
b. Affirmative action
c. Inverse discrimination
d. Backward discrimination

B

. Which of the following is an example of reverse discrimination in America?
a. An African-American interviewer rejects another African-American based on ethnicity.
b. A female interviewer rejects a male interviewee because of gender.
c. A white interviewer rejects an African-American based on ethnicity.
d. A female interviewer rejects another female interviewee because of gender.

D

An organization, in an attempt to avoid discrimination suits filed against it, intentionally hires a lot of African-American women, and a few disabled people. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
a. The performance of the organization will increase.
b. The organization will win an award for equity.
c. There will be an increase in the number of diversity training sessions.
d. A white man or a woman will file a reverse discrimination suit.

D

Which of the following refers to a policy or a program that tries to respond to instances of past discrimination by implementing proactive measures to ensure equal opportunity today?
a. Gentrification
b. Bully Broads
c. Just cause
d. Affirmative action

C

All of the following are ways through which affirmative action can arise at the workplace except:
a. through legal requirements.
b. through judicial affirmative action.
c. consultant based affirmative action.
d. voluntary affirmative action plans.

B

The law relating to affirmative action appliesonly to about 20 percent of the workforcewho are subject to Executive Order 11246,which requires affirmative action efforts to ensure equal opportunity. Which of the following is required by courts in order to remedy a finding of past discrimination,when ExecutiveOrder 11246 is not applicable?
a. Voluntary affirmative action
b. Judicial affirmative action
c. Quasi-affirmative action
d. Executive affirmation action

D

Which of the following affirmative action plans would include training plans and programs, focused recruiting activity, or the elimination of discrimination?
a. Quasi-affirmative action
b. Executive affirmation action
c. Judicial affirmative action
d. Voluntary affirmative action

C

A claim which states that people who 'pay' for wrongs are unfairly burdened and should not bear the responsibility for the acts of others, is opposing _____.
a. reverse discrimination
b. judicial activity within organizations
c. affirmative action
d. authoritative leadership

A

The form of business that limits the liability of individuals for the risks involved in business activities is known as _____.
a. corporation
b. partnership
c. joint proprietorship
d. sole proprietorship

D

Legislators created a form of business called corporations because they thought that businesses could be more efficient in raising the capital necessary for producing goods, services, jobs, and wealth if:
a. multiple owners were involved in the strategic decision making process of the firm.
b. there was transparency among all stakeholders.
c. firms had the obligation to justify bad decisions.
d. individuals were protected by limiting the liability of individuals for business activities.

B

According to the economic model of corporate social responsibility, the sole duty of a business is to:
a. go beyond legal responsibilities to cater to the needs of the society.
b. fulfill the economic functions that it was designed to serve.
c. think beyond economic ends that have to be met to help the society.
d. analyze the defects in society and design products to overcome these defects.

C

Which of the following is true about the economic model of CSR?
a. It holds that a business should prioritize environmental sustainability.
b. It has its roots in the Kantian tradition of ethics.
c. It contends that the goal of business managers should be to pursue profit within the law.
d. It holds that social goals should be at the heart of a firm's mission.

C

Milton Friedman claims that a corporate executive has a "responsibility to conduct business in accordance with his or her employer's desires, which generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to the basic rules of society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom." This view of corporate social responsibility has its roots in the _____ tradition.
a. deontological
b. Kantian
c. utilitarian
d. virtue

D

According to the economic model of corporate social responsibility, the pursuit of profit will continuously work toward the optimal satisfaction of consumer demand which, in one interpretation of _____is equivalent to maximizing the overall good.
a. deontological ethics
b. classicism
c. virtue ethics
d. utilitarianism

A

Which of the following models of corporate social responsibility holds pursuit of profit as the sole duty of a business?
a. Economic model of corporate social responsibility
b. Philanthropic model of corporate social responsibility
c. Social web model of corporate social responsibility
d. Integrative model of corporate social responsibility

C

A narrow view of corporate social responsibility is expressed by the:
a. social web model of corporate social responsibility.
b. integrative model of corporate social responsibility.
c. economic model of corporate social responsibility.
d. philanthropic model of corporate social responsibility.

C

Which of the following best describes corporate social responsibility?
a. It refers to the dedication that employees show in meeting organizational goals.
b. It refers to the accountability that a manager has over his subordinates.
c. It refers to the actions for which a business can be held accountable.
d. It refers to the actions that maximize the profit of an organization.

A

Corporate social responsibility refers to:
a. those things that businesses ought, or should, do, even if they would rather not.
b. those measures that are taken against the ill treatment of subordinates in a firm.
c. the avoidance of misconduct within an organization.
d. the responsibility that society has to ensure a business's success.

D

Which of the following is the most demanding social responsibility?
a. A business should prevent harm even in those cases where it is not the cause.
b. A business should volunteer for society or environment-friendly work.
c. A business should engage in charitable work for the development of the society.
d. A business should not sell a product that causes harm to consumers.

A

Which of the following ethical requirements is the type of responsibility established by the precedents of tort law?
a. Duty to not cause avoidable harm to the society
b. Duty to find employment for employees injured at work
c. Duty to engage in charitable work
d. Duty to volunteer for causes related to the environment

A

Which of the following statements is true about the philanthropic model of corporate social responsibility?
a. This model holds that business has no strict obligation to contribute to social causes, but it can be a good thing when they do so.
b. This model views business as a citizen of the society in which it operates and, like all members of a society, business must conform to the normal ethical duties and obligations.
c. This model begins with the recognition that every business decision affects a wide variety of people, benefiting some and imposing costs on others.
d. This model holds that a firm's financial goals must be balanced against, and perhaps even overridden by, environmental considerations.

C

The _____model of CSR holds that, like individuals, business is free to contribute to social causes as a matter of philanthropy, and business has no strict obligation to contribute to social causes; but it can be a good thing when they do so.
a. economic
b. social web
c. philanthropic
d. integrative

C

"Just as individuals have no ethical obligation to contribute to charity or to do volunteer work in their community, business has no ethical obligations to serve wider social goods. But, just as charity is a good thing and something that we all want to encourage, business should be encouraged to contribute to society in ways that go beyond the narrow obligations of law and economics." Identify the model of CSR that reflects this line of thought.
a. Integrative model
b. Stakeholder theory
c. Philanthropic model
d. Social web model

A

In the philanthropic model of CSR, situations where a business supports a social cause for the purpose of receiving a business benefit in return are not much different from:
a. the economic model of CSR.
b. the stakeholder theory of CSR.
c. the integrative model of CSR.
d. the sustainability theory of CSR.

B

The philanthropic model in which business support for a social cause is done because it is the right thing to do differs from the reputational version only in terms of the:
a. level of social good done.
b. underlying motivation.
c. reach of the social good done.
d. medium used.

C

Which of the following is true of philanthropy in accordance with the economic model of corporate social responsibility?
a) Philanthropy done for reputational reasons is not fully ethical.
b) Philanthropy done for solely financial benefits is not truly an act of social responsibility.
c) Philanthropy done for financial reasons is ethically responsible.
d) Philanthropy is considered as a social contribution rather than an investment.

D

Which of the following models of corporate social responsibility considers business a citizen of the society that it operates in?
a. Philanthropic model
b. Economic model
c. Altruistic model
d. Social web model

B

According to Norman Bowie, the "moral minimum" that we expect of every person—either acting as individuals or within corporate institutions—is:
a. basic spirituality.
b. respect for human rights.
c. contribution to charity.
d. accountability.

A

According to philosopher Norman Bowie, managers have a responsibility to maximize profits as long as they:
a. respect human rights and cause no harm.
b. contribute to charitable organizations.
c. are confident and do charitable work.
d. adhere to rules and regulations.

C

According to the philosopher Norman Bowie, the contractual duty that managers have to stockholder-owners:
a. makes them focus on philanthropy.
b. makes them feel obliged to perform social good and prevent harm to the society.
c. overrides their responsibility to prevent harm or to do good.
d. leads them to take environment-conscious managerial decisions.

A

Which of the following theories recognizes the fact that every business decision affects a wide variety of people—benefiting some and imposing costs on others?
a. Stakeholder theory
b. Integrative theory
c. Altruistic theory
d. Institutional theory

B

Stakeholder theory is an example of the:
a. philanthropy model of corporate social responsibility.
b. social web model of corporate social responsibility.
c. economic model of corporate social responsibility.
d. stockholder model of corporate social responsibility.

D

An individual who argues that firms should be managed for the sole benefit of stockholders is defending the:
a. philanthropic model of CSR.
b. social web model of CSR.
c. integrative model of CSR.
d. economic model of CSR.

B

. _____ theory argues that the narrow economic model fails both as an accurate descriptive and as a reasonable normative account of business management.
a. Sustainability
b. Stakeholder
c. Classical
d. Attributive

B

Which of the following is a similarity between utilitarianism and stakeholder theory?
a. Both place organizational benefits above other considerations.
b. Both consider the consequences of management decisions for the well-being of all affected groups.
c. Both contribute to society in ways that go beyond the narrow obligations of law and economics.
d. Both strive to focus only on consumers.

C

Corporate managers who fail to give due consideration to the rights of employees and other concerned groups in the pursuit of profit are treating these groups as means to the ends of stockholders. This is unjust according to the _____.
a. financial framework
b. classical tradition
c. rights-based ethical framework
d. stockholder theory

A

A firm that balances its social goals against economic goals and does justice to both is said to follow the:
a. integrative model of corporate social responsibility.
b. economic model of corporate social responsibility.
c. social web model of corporate social responsibility.
d. stakeholder model of corporate social responsibility.

C

The tension that prevails when an organization tries to meet both social and economic responsibilities is generally overcome by:
a. utilizing a small percentage of profit on social causes.
b. doing charitable work to build a good reputation within the community.
c. pursuing social ends as the very core of an organization's mission.
d. emphasizing the importance of achieving the desired economic goals.

A

The for-profit organizations that prioritize social entrepreneurship and sustainability as a central part of their strategic mission are pursuing the _____ model of CSR.
a. integrative
b. economic
c. social web
d. philanthropic

A

Sustainability holds that:
a. a firm's financial goals must be balanced against environmental considerations.
b. a firm must place social considerations below tasks beneficial to its growth.
c. a firm must not prioritize social goals at the expense of economic growth.
d. a firm's sustenance is affected by overemphasis on environmental considerations.

B

Which of the following is an example of a firm that is failing its fundamental social responsibility?
a. A firm that has its loss margins exceeding its profit margins
b. A firm that uses resources at unsustainable rates
c. A firm that is financially unstable
d. A firm that prioritizes environmental sustainability

D

Which of the following versions of corporate social responsibility suggests that the long-term financial well-being of every firm is directly tied to questions of how the firm both affects and is affected by the natural environment?
a. Social web
b. Philanthropic
c. Social entrepreneurship
d. Sustainability

A

When a firm engages in socially responsible activities with a prime focus on reputation:
a. social responsibility tend to become a form of social marketing.
b. the measure of positive reputation gained is impossible to calculate.
c. profits have to be sacrificed for social causes.
d. it always loses employee loyalty.

A

The practice of attending to the "image" of a firm is referred to as:
a. reputation management.
b. branding.
c. crisis management.
d. gentrification.

D

Enlightened self-interest, an important justification offered for corporate social responsibility, presumes that:
a. measurement of bottom-line impact of ethical decision making is unimportant.
b. profits are independent of ethics.
c. bottom-line impact of ethical decision making can be measured and compared.
d. good ethics can also be good business.

C

Which of the following is the challenge associated with ethical pay offs?
a. It ruins the reputation that triggered it.
b. It is very small in comparison to profits.
c. It is very difficult to measure ethical pay offs.
d. It can easily be duplicated by competitors

A

According to David Vogel,which of the following should a firm be most cautious about when engaging in CSR activities?
a. Investing in CSR when consumers are not willing to pay higher prices to support that investment.
b. Employees may become over-indulgent in activities related to social causes.
c. Attrition levels may rise due to indifference among employees engaging in activities related to social responsibility.
d. The easily measurable ethical pay off can turn out to be lower than the anticipated levels

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