What are some of the contemporary ethnographic fieldwork techniques and perspectives

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Sir James Frazer used armchair anthropology to write his book on the religious beliefs of various cultures. His descriptions of these cultures did not include the perspective of those in the cultures though because he never visited them. Instead. he relied on the accounts of others who had traveled, like scholars, missionaries, and government officials. Sir E. B. Tylor also did not use any field work to study cultures, so his armchair anthropology also contributed to biases and misrepresentation of the cultures, not accurately getting the insider perspective and categorizing cultures as primitive. He helped develop a foundational definition of culture: "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." Tylor believed that cultures were subject to evolution, developing from simple to complex. These scholars helped to establish anthropology as a discipline, even though they did not actually visit the cultures.

1. All human cultures have a human language and use it to communicate
2. All human languages change over time, a reflection of the fact that all cultures are also constantly changing
3. All languages are systematic, rule driven, and equally complex overall, and equally capable of expressing any idea that the speaker wishes to convey. There are no primitive languages
4. All languages are symbolic systems
5. All languages have a basic word order of elements, like subject, verb, and object, with variations.
6. All languages have similar basic grammatical categories such as nouns and verbs
7. Every spoken language is made up of discrete sounds that can be categorized as vowels or consonants
8. The underlying structure of all languages is characterized by the feature duality of patterning, which permits any speaker to utter any message they need to convey, and others to understand

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3. How do traditional approaches to ethnographic fieldwork contrast with contemporary approaches?

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4. What are some of the contemporary ethnographic fieldwork techniques and perspectives and why arethey important to anthropology?

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5. What are some of the ethical considerations in doing anthropological fieldwork and why are theyimportant?

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6. How do anthropologists transform their fieldwork data into a story that communicates meaning? Howare reflexivity and polyvocality changing the way anthropologists communicate their work?

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  • School CUNY LaGuardia Community College
  • Course Title ANTHROPOLO MISC
  • Pages 2
  • Ratings 100% (2) 2 out of 2 people found this document helpful

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Discussion Questions1.What is unique about ethnographic fieldwork and how did it emerge as a keystrategy in anthropology?

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2.How do traditional approaches to ethnographic fieldwork contrast withcontemporary approaches?

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What are the characteristics of contemporary approaches to ethnography?

Contemporary ethnographies usually adhere to a community, rather than individual, focus and concentrate on the description of current circumstances rather than historical events.

What are some ethnographic techniques?

Individual methods which are available within an ethnographic study include: participant observation, interviews and surveys. All of these ethnographic methods can be very valuable in gaining a deeper understanding of a design problem.

What are the most field techniques used in ethnography?

Most ethnographic research makes considerable use of participant observation, usually triangulated with interviews and/or ordinary "informal" conversations. Triangulation is particularly important as one method on its own is not usually reliable.

What is an ethnographic perspective?

Ethnography is an approach that was developed to describe cultures; this includes any culture that shares group characteristics such as values, beliefs, or ideas.